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Android应用中仿今日头条App制作ViewPager指示器

2019-12-12 06:33:42
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一、概述
顶部ViewPager指示器的字体变色,该效果图是这样的:

2016419161403484.jpg (540×960)

大概是今天头条的app,神奇的地方就在于,切换ViewPager页面的时候,顶部指示器改成了字体颜色的变化,个人觉得还是不错的。
那么核心的地方就是做一个支持字体这样逐渐染色就可以了,我大概想了32s,扫描了一些可能实现的方案,最终定位了一个靠谱的,下面我就带大家开始实现的征程。
实现之前贴一下我们的效果图:
1、简单使用

2016419161454304.gif (425×620)

效果如上图了,关于颜失色的改变我添加了两个方向,一个是左方向,一个是有方向。
单纯的使用,可能觉得没什么意思,下面看结合ViewPager使用的一个例子。
2、结合ViewPager使用

可以看到我们切换页面的时候,上面的指示器的效果,棒棒哒~~~
当然了,学会了原理,你可以扩展,可以做个性的进度条,可以将字体变色改为背景色变色,可以把方向改为上下,太多了,自己去抠脚想把。

二、原理
看完效果图,有木有什么思路~~~花几分钟想想,因为原理很简单~~
我大致想了下,目测绘制半个字估计不行,那么就在绘制范围上下功夫,你可以全部绘制,但是我控制显示的范围,所以上述效果:
其实是绘制了两遍字体,但是呢,分别控制了绘制的显示范围,实现了逐渐变色的效果,那么对于范围的控制,有什么方便的API么,显然是有的
canvas有个clipRect的方法~~~ok,原理分析完毕~~

三、实现
说到实现,那第一步肯定又是自定义属性,我们这里的属性,需要text,textSize,textOriginColor,textChangeColor,progress,大致看一下,应该都能看出来作用吧,看不出来没事,结合下面的代码。tip:我们的View叫做ColorTrackView,感谢小七的命名。
1、自定义属性和获取
attr.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources>   <attr name="text" format="string" />  <attr name="text_size" format="dimension" />  <attr name="text_origin_color" format="color|reference" />  <attr name="text_change_color" format="color|reference" />  <attr name="progress" format="float" />  <attr name="direction">   <enum name="left" value="0" />   <enum name="right" value="1" />  </attr>   <declare-styleable name="ColorTrackView">   <attr name="text" />   <attr name="text_size" />   <attr name="text_origin_color" />   <attr name="text_change_color" />   <attr name="progress" />   <attr name="direction" />  </declare-styleable>  </resources> 

然后在我们的ColorTrackView的构造方法中进行获取这些个渣渣属性:

public class ColorTrackView extends View {   private int mTextStartX;    public enum Direction  {   LEFT , RIGHT ;  }   private int mDirection = DIRECTION_LEFT;    private static final int DIRECTION_LEFT = 0 ;  private static final int DIRECTION_RIGHT= 1 ;    public void setDirection(int direction)  {   mDirection = direction;  }    private String mText = "张鸿洋";  private Paint mPaint;  private int mTextSize = sp2px(30);   private int mTextOriginColor = 0xff000000;  private int mTextChangeColor = 0xffff0000;   private Rect mTextBound = new Rect();  private int mTextWidth;   private int mRealWidth;   private float mProgress;   public ColorTrackView(Context context)  {   super(context, null);  }   public ColorTrackView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)  {   super(context, attrs);    mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);    TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,     R.styleable.ColorTrackView);   mText = ta.getString(R.styleable.ColorTrackView_text);   mTextSize = ta.getDimensionPixelSize(     R.styleable.ColorTrackView_text_size, mTextSize);   mTextOriginColor = ta.getColor(     R.styleable.ColorTrackView_text_origin_color,     mTextOriginColor);   mTextChangeColor = ta.getColor(     R.styleable.ColorTrackView_text_change_color,     mTextChangeColor);   mProgress = ta.getFloat(R.styleable.ColorTrackView_progress, 0);      mDirection = ta.getInt(R.styleable.ColorTrackView_direction, mDirection);      ta.recycle();    mPaint.setTextSize(mTextSize);   measureText();   } private void measureText()  {   mTextWidth = (int) mPaint.measureText(mText);   mPaint.getTextBounds(mText, 0, mText.length(), mTextBound);  } 

     
可以看到我同时贴出了成员变量,大家简单看下就行了,都比较简单。
获取了属性,初始化完成一些成员变量以后,那么应该走向我们的measure之旅了~~

2、onMeasure

@Override  protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)  {   int width = measureWidth(widthMeasureSpec);   int height = measureHeight(heightMeasureSpec);   setMeasuredDimension(width, height);    mRealWidth = getMeasuredWidth() - getPaddingLeft() - getPaddingRight();   mTextStartX = mRealWidth / 2 - mTextWidth / 2;   }   private int measureHeight(int measureSpec)  {   int mode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);   int val = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);   int result = 0;   switch (mode)   {   case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:    result = val;    break;   case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:   case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:    result = mTextBound.height();    break;   }   result = mode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST ? Math.min(result, val) : result;   return result + getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom();  }   private int measureWidth(int measureSpec)  {   int mode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);   int val = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);   int result = 0;   switch (mode)   {   case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:    result = val;    break;   case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:   case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:    // result = mTextBound.width();    result = mTextWidth;    break;   }   result = mode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST ? Math.min(result, val) : result;   return result + getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();  } 

关于测量,也是比较传统的写法,根据传入的widthMeasureSpec、heightMeasureSpec,利用MeasureSpec分别获取模式和值,如何是EXACTLY万事大吉,如果是AT_MOST、UNSPECIFIED那么就进行自己测量需要的空间,当然了,最好注意如果是AT_MOST不应该大于父类传入的值。
这里提一下,如果偷懒的话,可以选择继承TextView,然后测量就不需要写了,TextView默认帮你实现了,还能利用TextView的一些属性,不过咱们这个例子比较简单,我最终还是选择了继承View,继承View有种everything under control 的感觉。
测量完成以后,不用说都是绘制了。

3、onDraw

@Override  protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas)  {   super.onDraw(canvas);   int r = (int) (mProgress* mTextWidth +mTextStartX );      if(mDirection == DIRECTION_LEFT)   {    drawChangeLeft(canvas, r);    drawOriginLeft(canvas, r);   }else   {     drawOriginRight(canvas, r);     drawChangeRight(canvas, r);   }   }    private void drawChangeRight(Canvas canvas, int r)  {   drawText(canvas, mTextChangeColor, (int) (mTextStartX +(1-mProgress)*mTextWidth), mTextStartX+mTextWidth );  }  private void drawOriginRight(Canvas canvas, int r)  {   drawText(canvas, mTextOriginColor, mTextStartX, (int) (mTextStartX +(1-mProgress)*mTextWidth) );  }   private void drawChangeLeft(Canvas canvas, int r)  {   drawText(canvas, mTextChangeColor, mTextStartX, (int) (mTextStartX + mProgress * mTextWidth) );  }   private void drawOriginLeft(Canvas canvas, int r)  {   drawText(canvas, mTextOriginColor, (int) (mTextStartX + mProgress * mTextWidth), mTextStartX +mTextWidth );  }    private void drawText(Canvas canvas , int color , int startX , int endX)  {   mPaint.setColor(color);   canvas.save(Canvas.CLIP_SAVE_FLAG);   canvas.clipRect(startX, 0, endX, getMeasuredHeight());   canvas.drawText(mText, mTextStartX, getMeasuredHeight() / 2     + mTextBound.height() / 2, mPaint);   canvas.restore();  } 

绘制的核心就在于利用mProgress和方向去计算应该clip的范围,具体的参考代码,没什么难点。有了范围以后,无非就是drawText~~~这里只讲主要代码。

主要的方法介绍完毕,我们就该测试了。

四、测试

1、简单测试
布局文件

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  xmlns:zhy="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"  android:layout_width="match_parent"  android:layout_height="match_parent" >   <com.zhy.view.ColorTrackView   android:id="@+id/id_changeTextColorView"   android:layout_width="match_parent"   android:layout_height="wrap_content"   android:layout_centerInParent="true"   android:background="#44ff0000"   android:padding="10dp"   zhy:progress="0"   zhy:text="张鸿洋"   zhy:text_change_color="#ffff0000"   zhy:text_origin_color="#ff000000"   zhy:text_size="60sp" />   <LinearLayout   android:layout_width="match_parent"   android:layout_height="wrap_content"   android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"   android:gravity="center"   android:orientation="horizontal" >    <Button    android:id="@+id/id_left"    android:layout_width="wrap_content"    android:layout_height="wrap_content"    android:onClick="startLeftChange"    android:text="StartLeft" />    <Button    android:layout_width="wrap_content"    android:layout_height="wrap_content"    android:layout_toRightOf="@id/id_left"    android:onClick="startRightChange"    android:text="StartRight" />  </LinearLayout>  </RelativeLayout> 

注意我们的自定义属性的命名空间,该布局就一个ColorTrackView,然后两个按钮来控制进度。
SimpleUseActivity:

package com.zhy.viewpagerIndicator;  import android.animation.ObjectAnimator; import android.annotation.SuppressLint; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View;  import com.zhy.view.ColorTrackView;  public class SimpleUseActivity extends Activity {   ColorTrackView mView;   @Override  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)  {   super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);   setContentView(R.layout.activity_simple_main);   mView = (ColorTrackView) findViewById(R.id.id_changeTextColorView);      }   @SuppressLint("NewApi")  public void startLeftChange(View view)  {   mView.setDirection(0);   ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(mView, "progress", 0, 1).setDuration(2000)     .start();  }   @SuppressLint("NewApi")  public void startRightChange(View view)  {   mView.setDirection(1);   ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(mView, "progress", 0, 1).setDuration(2000)     .start();  }  } 

这里拿属性动画进行的测试,没有导入3.0以下兼容包,有需要自己导入。
效果图就是上面张鸿洋那张。

2、结合ViewPager
布局文件:

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  xmlns:zhy="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"  xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  android:layout_width="match_parent"  android:layout_height="match_parent"  android:orientation="vertical" >   <LinearLayout   android:layout_width="match_parent"   android:layout_height="50dp"   android:orientation="horizontal" >    <com.zhy.view.ColorTrackView    android:id="@+id/id_tab_01"    android:layout_width="0dp"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:layout_weight="1"    zhy:progress="1"    zhy:text="简介"    zhy:text_change_color="#ffff0000"    zhy:text_origin_color="#ff000000"    zhy:text_size="18sp" />    <com.zhy.view.ColorTrackView    android:id="@+id/id_tab_02"    android:layout_width="0dp"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:layout_weight="1"    zhy:text="评价"    zhy:text_change_color="#ffff0000"    zhy:text_origin_color="#ff000000"    zhy:text_size="18sp" />    <com.zhy.view.ColorTrackView    android:id="@+id/id_tab_03"    android:layout_width="0dp"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:layout_weight="1"    zhy:text="相关"    zhy:text_change_color="#ffff0000"    zhy:text_origin_color="#ff000000"    zhy:text_size="18sp" />      </LinearLayout>   <android.support.v4.view.ViewPager   android:id="@+id/id_viewpager"   android:layout_width="match_parent"   android:layout_height="0dp"   android:layout_weight="1" >  </android.support.v4.view.ViewPager>  </LinearLayout> 

3个ColorTrackView代表Tab,下面是ViewPager
ViewPagerUseActivity:

package com.zhy.viewpagerIndicator;  import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List;  import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v4.app.Fragment; import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity; import android.support.v4.app.FragmentPagerAdapter; import android.support.v4.view.ViewPager; import android.support.v4.view.ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener; import android.util.Log;  import com.zhy.view.ColorTrackView;  public class ViewPagerUseActivity extends FragmentActivity {  private String[] mTitles = new String[] { "简介", "评价", "相关" };  private ViewPager mViewPager;  private FragmentPagerAdapter mAdapter;  private TabFragment[] mFragments = new TabFragment[mTitles.length];  private List<ColorTrackView> mTabs = new ArrayList<ColorTrackView>();   @Override  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)  {   super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);   setContentView(R.layout.activity_vp_main);    initViews();   initDatas();   initEvents();  }   private void initEvents()  {   mViewPager.setOnPageChangeListener(new OnPageChangeListener()   {    @Override    public void onPageSelected(int position)    {    }     @Override    public void onPageScrolled(int position, float positionOffset,      int positionOffsetPixels)    {     if (positionOffset > 0)     {      ColorTrackView left = mTabs.get(position);      ColorTrackView right = mTabs.get(position + 1);            left.setDirection(1);      right.setDirection(0);      Log.e("TAG", positionOffset+"");      left.setProgress( 1-positionOffset);      right.setProgress(positionOffset);     }    }     @Override    public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int state)    {     }   });   }   private void initDatas()  {    for (int i = 0; i < mTitles.length; i++)   {    mFragments[i] = (TabFragment) TabFragment.newInstance(mTitles[i]);   }    mAdapter = new FragmentPagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager())   {    @Override    public int getCount()    {     return mTitles.length;    }     @Override    public Fragment getItem(int position)    {     return mFragments[position];    }    };    mViewPager.setAdapter(mAdapter);   mViewPager.setCurrentItem(0);  }   private void initViews()  {   mViewPager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.id_viewpager);      mTabs.add((ColorTrackView) findViewById(R.id.id_tab_01));   mTabs.add((ColorTrackView) findViewById(R.id.id_tab_02));   mTabs.add((ColorTrackView) findViewById(R.id.id_tab_03));  }  } 

TabFragment

package com.zhy.viewpagerIndicator;  import java.util.Random;  import android.graphics.Color; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v4.app.Fragment; import android.view.Gravity; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.TextView;  public class TabFragment extends Fragment {  public static final String TITLE = "title";  private String mTitle = "Defaut Value";   @Override  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)  {   super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);   if (getArguments() != null)   {    mTitle = getArguments().getString(TITLE);   }  }   @Override  public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,    Bundle savedInstanceState)  {   TextView tv = new TextView(getActivity());   tv.setTextSize(60);   Random r = new Random();   tv.setBackgroundColor(Color.argb(r.nextInt(120), r.nextInt(255),     r.nextInt(255), r.nextInt(255)));   tv.setText(mTitle);   tv.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);   return tv;   }   public static TabFragment newInstance(String title)  {   TabFragment tabFragment = new TabFragment();   Bundle bundle = new Bundle();   bundle.putString(TITLE, title);   tabFragment.setArguments(bundle);   return tabFragment;  }  } 

效果图就是上面“结合ViewPager使用”的那张。

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