爬虫里面，我们不可避免的要用urllib中的urlopen()和requests.get()方法去请求或获取一个网页的内容,这里面的区别在于urlopen打开URL网址，url参数可以是一个字符串url或者是一个Request对象，返回的是http.client.HTTPResponse对象.http.client.HTTPResponse对象大概包括read()、readinto()、getheader()、getheaders()、fileno()、msg、version、status、reason、debuglevel和closed函数，其实一般而言使用read()函数后还需要decode()函数，这里一个巨大的优势就是：返回的网页内容实际上是没有被解码或的，在read()得到内容后通过指定decode()函数参数，可以使用对应的解码方式。 而requests.get()方法请求了站点的网址，然后打印出了返回结果的类型，状态码，编码方式，Cookies等内容
from urllib.request import urlopenimport requestsdata_get=requests.get("https://www.baidu.com").content.decode("utf-8")html_url=urlopen("https://www.baidu.com")data_url=html_url.read()with open("data_get.html","w") as f: f.write(data_get)print(data_get)print("------------------------/n")print(data_url)with open("data_url.html","wb") as f: f.write(data_url)data_get.html如下：
<!DOCTYPE html><!--STATUS OK--><html><head> <meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8> <meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge> <meta content=always name=referrer> <link rel=stylesheet type=text/CSS href=https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css> <title>百度一下，你就知道</title> </head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu> <span class="bg s_ipt_wr"> <input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus=autofocus> </span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"> <input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn" autofocus> </span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=https://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>'); </script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>data_url如下：
<html><head> <script> location.replace(location.href.replace("https://","http://")); </script></head><body> <noscript><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=http://www.baidu.com/"></noscript></body></html>新闻热点
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