python获取全国城市pm2.5、臭氧等空气质量过程解析

随着国家发展，中国很多城市的空气质量其实并不好，国家气象局会有实时统计，但是要去写爬虫爬取是十分麻烦的事情，并且官方网站也会做一些反爬虫措施，所以实现起来比较麻烦，最好的办法就是使用现成的免费接口，空气质量指数分析，这里是笔者自己实现的一个python调用方式

代码如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# flake8: noqa__author__ = 'wukong'import urllibfrom urllib import urlencode#配置您申请的appKey和openIdapp_key="***"open_"""request_url 请求地址params 请求参数method 请求方法"""def request_content(request_url,params,method): params = urlencode(params)  if method and method.lower() =="get":  f = urllib.urlopen("%s?%s" % (request_url, params)) else:  f = urllib.urlopen(request_url, params)  content = f.read() print content def main():  domain="http://api.xiaocongjisuan.com/"; servlet="life/air/analysis" method="get" request_url=domain+servlet  #字典 params ={} params["appKey"]=app_key params["openId"]=open_id  #变动部分 params["city"]="成都"  request_content(request_url,params,method) if __name__ == '__main__': main()

java版的代码可以参考如下代码：

package com.xiaocongjisuan.module.example;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.DataOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.URL;import java.net.URLEncoder;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;public class Application {   public static final String DEF_CHATSET = "UTF-8";  public static final int DEF_CONN_TIMEOUT = 30000;  public static final int DEF_READ_TIMEOUT = 30000;  public static String userAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.66 Safari/537.36";    //配置您申请的appKey和openId  public static final String APP_KEY ="yours";  public static final String OPEN_ID ="yours";    //将map型转为请求参数型  public static String urlEncode(Map<String,Object> params) {    if(params==null){return "";};     StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();  for (Map.Entry<String,Object> i : params.entrySet()) {   try {    sb.append(i.getKey()).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode(i.getValue()+"","UTF-8")).append("&");   } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {    e.printStackTrace();   }  }  String r=sb.toString();  if(r.endsWith("&")){   r = r.substring(0,r.length()-1);  }  return r;  }    /**  *  * @param requestUrl 请求地址  * @param params 请求参数  * @param method 请求方法  * @return 请求结果  * @throws Exception  */  public static String requestContent(String requestUrl, Map<String,Object> params,String method) throws Exception {    HttpURLConnection conn = null;  BufferedReader reader = null;  String rs = null;  try {   //组装请求链接   StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();      if(method!=null&&method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")){    requestUrl = requestUrl+"?"+urlEncode(params);   }   //默认get   URL url = new URL(requestUrl);   conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();   conn.setRequestMethod("GET");      if(method!=null&&method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")){     conn.setRequestMethod("POST");     conn.setDoOutput(true);     conn.setDoInput(true);   }   //参数配置   conn.setRequestProperty("User-agent", userAgent);   conn.setUseCaches(false);   conn.setConnectTimeout(DEF_CONN_TIMEOUT);   conn.setReadTimeout(DEF_READ_TIMEOUT);   conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);   conn.connect();      if (params!= null && method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {    try {     DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());     out.writeBytes(urlEncode(params));    } catch (Exception e) {     e.printStackTrace();    }   }      //读取数据   InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();   reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, DEF_CHATSET));   String strRead = null;   while ((strRead = reader.readLine()) != null) {    sb.append(strRead);   }   rs = sb.toString();     } catch (IOException e) {   e.printStackTrace();  } finally {   if (reader != null) {    reader.close();   }   if (conn != null) {    conn.disconnect();   }  }  return rs; }   public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{    String domain="http://api.xiaocongjisuan.com/";  String servlet="life/air/analysis";  String method="get";    String requestUrl=domain+servlet;  Map<String,Object> params=new HashMap<String,Object>();  params.put("appKey",APP_KEY);  params.put("openId",OPEN_ID);  //变动部分  params.put("city","成都");      String result=requestContent(requestUrl,params,method);  System.out.println(result); }}