在Python的Tornado框架中实现简单的在线代理的教程

实现代理的方式很多种，流行的web服务器也大都有代理的功能，比如http://www.tornadoweb.cn用的就是nginx的代理功能做的tornadoweb官网的镜像。

最近，我在开发一个移动运用(以下简称APP)的后台程序(Server)，该运用需要调用到另一平台产品(Platform)的API。对于这个系统来说，可选的一种实现方式方式是APP同时跟Server&Platform两者交互；另一种则在Server端封装掉Platform的API，APP只和Server交互。显然后一种方式的系统架构会清晰些，APP编程时也就相对简单。那么如何在Server端封装Platform的API呢，我首先考虑到的就是用代理的方式来实现。碰巧最近Tornado邮件群组里有人在讨论using Tornado as a proxy，贴主提到的运用场景跟我这碰到的场景非常的相似，我把原帖的代码做了些整理和简化，源代码如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-## Copyright(c) 2011 Felinx Lee & http://feilong.me/## Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain# a copy of the License at##   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0## Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations# under the License. import logging import tornado.httpserverimport tornado.ioloopimport tornado.optionsimport tornado.webimport tornado.httpclientfrom tornado.web import HTTPError, asynchronousfrom tornado.httpclient import HTTPRequestfrom tornado.options import define, optionstry:  from tornado.curl_httpclient import CurlAsyncHTTPClient as AsyncHTTPClientexcept ImportError:  from tornado.simple_httpclient import SimpleAsyncHTTPClient as AsyncHTTPClient define("port", default=8888, help="run on the given port", type=int)define("api_protocol", default="http")define("api_host", default="feilong.me")define("api_port", default="80")define("debug", default=True, type=bool) class ProxyHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):  @asynchronous  def get(self):    # enable API GET request when debugging    if options.debug:      return self.post()    else:      raise HTTPError(405)   @asynchronous  def post(self):    protocol = options.api_protocol    host = options.api_host    port = options.api_port     # port suffix    port = "" if port == "80" else ":%s" % port     uri = self.request.uri    url = "%s://%s%s%s" % (protocol, host, port, uri)     # update host to destination host    headers = dict(self.request.headers)    headers["Host"] = host     try:      AsyncHTTPClient().fetch(        HTTPRequest(url=url,              method="POST",              body=self.request.body,              headers=headers,              follow_redirects=False),        self._on_proxy)    except tornado.httpclient.HTTPError, x:      if hasattr(x, "response") and x.response:        self._on_proxy(x.response)      else:        logging.error("Tornado signalled HTTPError %s", x)   def _on_proxy(self, response):    if response.error and not isinstance(response.error,                       tornado.httpclient.HTTPError):      raise HTTPError(500)    else:      self.set_status(response.code)      for header in ("Date", "Cache-Control", "Server", "Content-Type", "Location"):        v = response.headers.get(header)        if v:          self.set_header(header, v)      if response.body:        self.write(response.body)      self.finish() def main():  tornado.options.parse_command_line()  application = tornado.web.Application([    (r"/.*", ProxyHandler),  ])  http_server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(application)  http_server.listen(options.port)  tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start() if __name__ == "__main__":  main()