Python进程通信之匿名管道实例讲解

匿名管道

管道是一个单向通道,有点类似共享内存缓存.管道有两端,包括输入端和输出端.对于一个进程的而言,它只能看到管道一端,即要么是输入端要么是输出端.

os.pipe()返回2个文件描述符(r, w),表示可读的和可写的.示例代码如下:
代码如下:
#!/usr/bin/python
import time
import os

def child(wpipe):
    print('hello from child', os.getpid())
    while True:
        msg = 'how are you/n'.encode()
        os.write(wpipe, msg)
        time.sleep(1)

def parent():
    rpipe, wpipe = os.pipe()
    pid = os.fork()
    if pid == 0:
        child(wpipe)
        assert False, 'fork child process error!'
    else:
        os.close(wpipe)
        print('hello from parent', os.getpid(), pid)
        fobj = os.fdopen(rpipe, 'r')
        while True:
            recv = os.read(rpipe, 32)
            print recv

parent()

输出如下:
代码如下:
('hello from parent', 5053, 5054)
('hello from child', 5054)
how are you

how are you

how are you

how are you

我们也可以改进代码,不用os.read()从管道中读取二进制字节,而是从文件对象中读取字符串.这时需要用到os.fdopen()把底层的文件描述符(管道)包装成文件对象,然后再用文件对象中的readline()方法读取.这里请注意文件对象的readline()方法总是读取有换行符'/n'的一行,而且连换行符也读取出来.还有一点要改进的地方是,把父进程和子进程的管道中不用的一端关闭掉.
代码如下:
#!/usr/bin/python
import time
import os

def child(wpipe):
    print('hello from child', os.getpid())
    while True:
        msg = 'how are you/n'.encode()
        os.write(wpipe, msg)
        time.sleep(1)

def parent():
    rpipe, wpipe = os.pipe()
    pid = os.fork()
    if pid == 0:
        os.close(rpipe)
        child(wpipe)
        assert False, 'fork child process error!'
    else:
        os.close(wpipe)