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实例讲解Android中ContentProvider组件的使用方法

2019-12-12 06:32:35
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ContentProvider基本使用
为了在应用程序之间交换数据,android提供了ContentProvider,ContentProvider是不同应用程序之间进行数据交换的标准API,当一个应用程序需要把自己的数据暴露给其他程序使用时,该应用程序就可以通过提供ContentPRovider来实现,其他应用程序就可以通过ContentResolver来操作ContentProvider暴露的数据。

实现ContentProvider的步骤:

1)编写一个类,继承ContentProvider,并且重写里面的CRUD方法。

2)在androidmanifest.xml文件中注册provider。

在androidmanifest.xml中注册provider需要以下3个属性:

             android:name              provider的实现类。

             android:authorities       provider的uri。

             android:exported          provider是否暴露给其他程序。


ContentResovler操作ContentProvider:

1)获取ContentResolver,getContentResovler()方法来自于ContextWrapper,所以activity和service中都可以使用。

2)调用CURD方法,通过参数url,调用指定的ContentProvider的方法。


下面是一个demo,向contentProvider中插入一条数据,并且返回到listview中。

main.xml:

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  android:layout_width="match_parent"  android:layout_height="match_parent"  tools:context=".Main" >   <ListView    android:id="@+id/listview"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </RelativeLayout>

MySQLiteOpenHelper类

package com.app.dao; import android.content.Context;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; public class MySQLiteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {   public MySQLiteOpenHelper(Context context, String name,      CursorFactory factory, int version) {    super(context, name, factory, version);   }   @Override  public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {     String create_sql = "create table tb_test(_id integer primary key autoincrement,name,gender,age)";         db.execSQL(create_sql);  }   @Override  public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {   } }

MyContentProvider类

package com.app.dao; import android.content.ContentProvider;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.database.Cursor;import android.net.Uri; public class MyContentProvider extends ContentProvider{   MySQLiteOpenHelper helper=null;  @Override  public int delete(Uri arg0, String arg1, String[] arg2) {         return 0;  }   @Override  public String getType(Uri arg0) {    // TODO Auto-generated method stub    return null;  }   @Override  public Uri insert(Uri arg0, ContentValues values) {         String insert_sql="insert into tb_test values(null,'wx','boy',17)";         helper.getReadableDatabase().execSQL(insert_sql);         return null;  }   @Override  public boolean onCreate() {         helper=new MySQLiteOpenHelper(this.getContext(),"test.db3",null,1);         return true;  }   @Override  public Cursor query(Uri arg0, String[] arg1, String arg2, String[] arg3,      String arg4) {         String query_sql="select * from tb_test";         Cursor cursor=helper.getReadableDatabase().rawQuery(query_sql, null);         return cursor;  }   @Override  public int update(Uri arg0, ContentValues arg1, String arg2, String[] arg3) {    // TODO Auto-generated method stub    return 0;  } }

listview的显示界面show.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  android:layout_width="match_parent"  android:layout_height="match_parent"  android:orientation="horizontal" >   <TextView    android:id="@+id/name"    android:layout_width="wrap_content"    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />   <TextView    android:id="@+id/gender"    android:layout_width="wrap_content"    android:layout_height="wrap_content"    android:layout_marginLeft="60dp" />   <TextView    android:id="@+id/age"    android:layout_width="wrap_content"    android:layout_height="wrap_content"    android:layout_marginLeft="60dp" /> </LinearLayout>

Main.java

package com.app.main; import android.annotation.SuppressLint;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.ContentResolver;import android.database.Cursor;import android.net.Uri;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.v4.widget.CursorAdapter;import android.widget.ListView;import android.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter; public class Main extends Activity {   ContentResolver resolver = null;   ListView lv = null;   @SuppressLint("NewApi")  @Override  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);     setContentView(R.layout.main);     lv = (ListView) this.findViewById(R.id.listview);     resolver = this.getContentResolver();     String str = "content://com.app.test.db/";     Uri uri = Uri.parse(str);     resolver.insert(uri, null);     Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null);     SimpleCursorAdapter adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this,        R.layout.show, cursor,        new String[] { "name", "gender", "age" }, new int[] {            R.id.name, R.id.gender, R.id.age },        CursorAdapter.FLAG_REGISTER_CONTENT_OBSERVER);     lv.setAdapter(adapter);   } }

实现效果:(执行了3次插入后的效果)

2016421160202125.png (720×1280)

ContentProvider的单元测试
ContentProvider是android的四大组件之一,在编写代码的时候最好是加上单元测试,这样可以确定对数据的CRUD的正确。本篇文章主要介绍ContentProvider中两个主要辅助类的使用还有单元测试的在ContentProvider中的使用。

需要用到的两个辅助类:UriMatcher类和ContentUris类。

UriMatcher类:能够对输入的uri参数就行匹配,以确定对什么表执行什么样的操作。

ContentUris类:有些方法需要返回uri,运用此类可以方便的生成uri类。

对于单元测试,个人觉得非常有必要在今后写代码的时候使用,这样可以非常准确的确定代码的正确性。

使用单元测试的步骤:

 1)加入instrumentation,这个部分的代码是固定,也可以完全在ADT提供的向导中导入。

<instrumentation    android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"    android:targetPackage="com.example.android_contentprovider" >  </instrumentation>

2)添加<uses-library>,这个部分的代码也是固定的写法。

 <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />


好了,必备的知识已经讲完了,现在上代码:

1)生成一个SQLiteDatabase类,这个是必需的类MySQLiteOpenHelper类

package com.app.db; import android.content.Context;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; public class MySQLiteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {   private static String DB_NAME = "test.db3";  private static int VERSION = 1;   public MySQLiteOpenHelper(Context context) {    super(context, DB_NAME, null, VERSION);   }   @Override  public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {       //建表语句    String create_student = "create table student(_id integer primary key autoincrement,name varchar(10),age integer,gender vachar(10))";         db.execSQL(create_student);       //千万不能执行这句  // db.close();   }   @Override  public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase arg0, int arg1, int arg2) {   } }

 
然后添加我们需要的MyContentProvider类:

package com.app.contentprovider; import com.app.db.MySQLiteOpenHelper; import android.content.ContentProvider;import android.content.ContentUris;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.content.UriMatcher;import android.database.Cursor;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;import android.net.Uri;import android.util.Log; public class MyContentProvider extends ContentProvider {   MySQLiteOpenHelper helper = null;   private static UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);   // 匹配单条记录  private static final int student = 1;  // 匹配多条记录  private static final int students = 2;   static {    matcher.addURI("com.app.wx", "student/#", student);     matcher.addURI("com.app.wx", "student", students);  }   @Override  public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {     SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();     int action = matcher.match(uri);     switch (action) {         // 匹配单条记录    case student:       long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);     //获取单条记录的id号      String delete_id = "_id=" + id;       if (selection != null) {        delete_id += delete_id + " and " + selection;      }       db.delete("student", delete_id, selectionArgs);       break;           // 匹配多条记录    case students:       db.delete("student", selection, selectionArgs);       break;    }         return 0;  }   //必需实现这个方法,这个方法与intent有关系,以后再讲  @Override  public String getType(Uri uri) {     int code = matcher.match(uri);    switch (code) {    case student:      return "vnd.android.cursor.item/student_item";    case students:      return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/students";    default:      return null;    }  }   @Override  public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {     SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();     int action = matcher.match(uri);     switch (action) {     case students:       long id1 = db.insert("student", "_id", values);       Log.i("--------", ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id1).toString());       return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id1);     }     return null;  }   @Override  public boolean onCreate() {     helper = new MySQLiteOpenHelper(this.getContext());     return true;  }   @Override  public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,      String[] selectionArgs, String orderBy) {     SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();     Cursor cursor = null;     int action = matcher.match(uri);     switch (action) {     case students:       cursor = db.query("student", projection, selection, selectionArgs,          null, null, orderBy);       break;     }     System.out.println("-----------count:" + cursor.getCount());     return cursor;  }   @Override  public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,      String[] arg3) {     int count = -1;     SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();     int action = matcher.match(uri);     switch (action) {     case student:      // 以id来处理更新      long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);       String id_selection = "_id=" + id;       if (selection != null && !selection.equals("")) {         id_selection = id_selection + " and " + values;       }       count = db.update("student", values, id_selection, arg3);       System.out.println("----------count:" + count);       break;    }     return count;  } }

这个类很长,但是执行的方法都是比较常见的CURD的方法,重要的是UriMatcher和ContentUris类的使用。

接着执行单元测试类:Test

package com.app.contentprovider; import android.content.ContentResolver;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.database.Cursor;import android.net.Uri;import android.test.AndroidTestCase;import android.util.Log; public class Test extends AndroidTestCase {   public void insert() {     ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();     String str = "content://com.app.wx/student";     ContentValues values = new ContentValues();     values.put("name", "wzq");     values.put("age", 18);     values.put("gender", "boy");     resolver.insert(Uri.parse(str), values);   }   public void update() {     ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();     String str = "content://com.app.wx/student/2";     ContentValues values = new ContentValues();     values.put("name", "哈哈");     resolver.update(Uri.parse(str), values, null, null);   }   public void query() {     ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();     String str = "content://com.app.wx/student";     Uri uri = Uri.parse(str);     Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, new String[] { "_id",        "name,age,gender" }, null, null, "_id desc");     Log.d("------count",cursor.getCount()+"");  }   public void delete() {    ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();     String str = "content://com.app.wx/student/2";     Uri uri = Uri.parse(str);     long id=resolver.delete(uri, null, null);   } }

执行insert方法之后(执行了三次):

2016421160332881.png (463×93)

执行了update方法之后:

2016421160354111.png (458×101)

执行了query方法之后:

2016421160411590.png (617×92)

执行了delete方法之后:

2016421160429449.png (513×79)

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