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为Android的apk应用程序文件加壳以防止反编译的教程

2019-12-12 06:28:48
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一、什么是加壳?
加壳是在二进制的程序中植入一段代码,在运行的时候优先取得程序的控制权,做一些额外的工作。大多数病毒就是基于此原理。

二、加壳作用
加壳的程序可以有效阻止对程序的反汇编分析,以达到它不可告人的目的。这种技术也常用来保护软件版权,防止被软件破解。

三、Android Dex文件加壳原理
PC平台现在已存在大量的标准的加壳和解壳工具,但是Android作为新兴平台还未出现APK加壳工具。Android Dex文件大量使用引用给加壳带来了一定的难度,但是从理论上讲,Android APK加壳也是可行的。
在这个过程中,牵扯到三个角色:
1、加壳程序:加密源程序为解壳数据、组装解壳程序和解壳数据
2、解壳程序:解密解壳数据,并运行时通过DexClassLoader动态加载
3、源程序:需要加壳处理的被保护代码
根据解壳数据在解壳程序DEX文件中的不同分布,本文将提出两种Android Dex加壳的实现方案。

解壳数据位于解壳程序文件尾部:该种方式简单实用,合并后的DEX文件结构如下。

2016428142304174.png (242×541)

四、加壳程序工作流程:
1、加密源程序APK文件为解壳数据
2、把解壳数据写入解壳程序Dex文件末尾,并在文件尾部添加解壳数据的大小。
3、修改解壳程序DEX头中checksum、signature 和file_size头信息。
4、修改源程序AndroidMainfest.xml文件并覆盖解壳程序AndroidMainfest.xml文件。

五、解壳DEX程序工作流程:
1、读取DEX文件末尾数据获取借壳数据长度。
2、从DEX文件读取解壳数据,解密解壳数据。以文件形式保存解密数据到a.APK文件
3、通过DexClassLoader动态加载a.apk。

解壳数据位于解壳程序文件头
该种方式相对比较复杂, 合并后DEX文件结构如下:

2016428142331268.png (241×526)

六、加壳程序工作流程:
1、加密源程序APK文件为解壳数据
2、计算解壳数据长度,并添加该长度到解壳DEX文件头末尾,并继续解壳数据到文件头末尾。
(插入数据的位置为0x70处)
3、修改解壳程序DEX头中checksum、signature、file_size、header_size、string_ids_off、type_ids_off、proto_ids_off、field_ids_off、
method_ids_off、class_defs_off和data_off相关项。  分析map_off 数据,修改相关的数据偏移量。 
4、修改源程序AndroidMainfest.xml文件并覆盖解壳程序AndroidMainfest.xml文件。

七、加壳程序流程及代码实现
1、加密源程序APK为解壳数据
2、把解壳数据写入解壳程序DEX文件末尾,并在文件尾部添加解壳数据的大小。
3、修改解壳程序DEX头中checksum、signature 和file_size头信息。

代码实现如下:

package com.android.dexshell; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.util.zip.Adler32;  public class DexShellTool {  /**   * @param args   */  public static void main(String[] args) {   // TODO Auto-generated method stub   try {    File payloadSrcFile = new File("g:/payload.apk");    File unShellDexFile = new File("g:/unshell.dex");    byte[] payloadArray = encrpt(readFileBytes(payloadSrcFile));    byte[] unShellDexArray = readFileBytes(unShellDexFile);    int payloadLen = payloadArray.length;    int unShellDexLen = unShellDexArray.length;    int totalLen = payloadLen + unShellDexLen +4;    byte[] newdex = new byte[totalLen];    //添加解壳代码    System.arraycopy(unShellDexArray, 0, newdex, 0, unShellDexLen);    //添加加密后的解壳数据    System.arraycopy(payloadArray, 0, newdex, unShellDexLen,      payloadLen);    //添加解壳数据长度    System.arraycopy(intToByte(payloadLen), 0, newdex, totalLen-4, 4);       //修改DEX file size文件头    fixFileSizeHeader(newdex);    //修改DEX SHA1 文件头    fixSHA1Header(newdex);    //修改DEX CheckSum文件头    fixCheckSumHeader(newdex);      String str = "g:/classes.dex";    File file = new File(str);    if (!file.exists()) {     file.createNewFile();    }        FileOutputStream localFileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(str);    localFileOutputStream.write(newdex);    localFileOutputStream.flush();    localFileOutputStream.close();     } catch (Exception e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   }  }    //直接返回数据,读者可以添加自己加密方法  private static byte[] encrpt(byte[] srcdata){   return srcdata;  }    private static void fixCheckSumHeader(byte[] dexBytes) {   Adler32 adler = new Adler32();   adler.update(dexBytes, 12, dexBytes.length - 12);   long value = adler.getValue();   int va = (int) value;   byte[] newcs = intToByte(va);   byte[] recs = new byte[4];   for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {    recs[i] = newcs[newcs.length - 1 - i];    System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(newcs[i]));   }   System.arraycopy(recs, 0, dexBytes, 8, 4);   System.out.println(Long.toHexString(value));   System.out.println();  }    public static byte[] intToByte(int number) {   byte[] b = new byte[4];   for (int i = 3; i >= 0; i--) {    b[i] = (byte) (number % 256);    number >>= 8;   }   return b;  }    private static void fixSHA1Header(byte[] dexBytes)    throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {   MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");   md.update(dexBytes, 32, dexBytes.length - 32);   byte[] newdt = md.digest();   System.arraycopy(newdt, 0, dexBytes, 12, 20);   String hexstr = "";   for (int i = 0; i < newdt.length; i++) {    hexstr += Integer.toString((newdt[i] & 0xff) + 0x100, 16)      .substring(1);   }   System.out.println(hexstr);  }    private static void fixFileSizeHeader(byte[] dexBytes) {     byte[] newfs = intToByte(dexBytes.length);   System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(dexBytes.length));   byte[] refs = new byte[4];   for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {    refs[i] = newfs[newfs.length - 1 - i];    System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(newfs[i]));   }   System.arraycopy(refs, 0, dexBytes, 32, 4);  }    private static byte[] readFileBytes(File file) throws IOException {   byte[] arrayOfByte = new byte[1024];   ByteArrayOutputStream localByteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();   FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);   while (true) {    int i = fis.read(arrayOfByte);    if (i != -1) {     localByteArrayOutputStream.write(arrayOfByte, 0, i);    } else {     return localByteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();    }   }  }   } 


八、解壳程序流程及代码实现
在解壳程序的开发过程中需要解决如下几个关键的技术问题:
1.解壳代码如何能够第一时间执行?
Android程序由不同的组件构成,系统在有需要的时候启动程序组件。因此解壳程序必须在Android系统启动组件之前运行,完成对解壳数据的解壳及APK文件的动态加载,否则会使程序出现加载类失败的异常。
Android开发者都知道Applicaiton做为整个应用的上下文,会被系统第一时间调用,这也是应用开发者程序代码的第一执行点。因此通过对AndroidMainfest.xml的application的配置可以实现解壳代码第一时间运行。

<application  android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"  android:label="@string/app_name"  android:theme="@style/AppTheme" android:name=" </application> 

2.如何替换回源程序原有的Application?
当在AndroidMainfest.xml文件配置为解壳代码的Application时。源程序原有的Applicaiton将被替换,为了不影响源程序代码逻辑,我们需要              在解壳代码运行完成后,替换回源程序原有的Application对象。我们通过在AndroidMainfest.xml文件中配置原有Applicaiton类信息来达到我们              的目的。解壳程序要在运行完毕后通过创建配置的Application对象,并通过反射修改回原Application。

<application  android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"  android:label="@string/app_name"  android:theme="@style/AppTheme" android:name=" </application> 

3.如何通过DexClassLoader实现对apk代码的动态加载。
我们知道DexClassLoader加载的类是没有组件生命周期的,也就是说即使DexClassLoader通过对APK的动态加载完成了对组件类的加载,当系统启动该组件时,还会出现加载类失败的异常。为什么组件类被动态加载入虚拟机,但系统却出现加载类失败呢?
通过查看Android源代码我们知道组件类的加载是由另一个ClassLoader来完成的,DexClassLoader和系统组件ClassLoader并不存在关系,系统组件ClassLoader当然找不到由DexClassLoader加载的类,如果把系统组件ClassLoader的parent修改成DexClassLoader,我们就可以实现对apk代码的动态加载。

4.如何使解壳后的APK资源文件被代码动态引用。
代码默认引用的资源文件在最外层的解壳程序中,因此我们要增加系统的资源加载路径来实现对借壳后APK文件资源的加载。

解壳实现代码:
 

package com.android.dexunshell;  import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.lang.ref.WeakReference; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.zip.ZipEntry; import java.util.zip.ZipInputStream;  import dalvik.system.DexClassLoader; import android.app.Application; import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo; import android.content.pm.PackageManager; import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException; import android.os.Bundle;  public class ProxyApplication extends Application {   private static final String appkey = "APPLICATION_CLASS_NAME";  private String apkFileName;  private String odexPath;  private String libPath;  @Override  public void onCreate() {   // TODO Auto-generated method stub   super.onCreate();   try {    File odex = this.getDir("payload_odex", MODE_PRIVATE);    File libs = this.getDir("payload_lib", MODE_PRIVATE);    odexPath = odex.getAbsolutePath();    libPath = libs.getAbsolutePath();    apkFileName = odex.getAbsolutePath()+"/payload.apk";    File dexFile = new File(apkFileName);    if(!dexFile.exists())     dexFile.createNewFile();    //读取程序classes.dex文件    byte[] dexdata = this.readDexFileFromApk();    //分离出解壳后的apk文件已用于动态加载    this.splitPayLoadFromDex(dexdata);    //配置动态加载环境    this.configApplicationEnv();       } catch (Exception e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   }  }    private void configApplicationEnv() throws NameNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, ClassNotFoundException, IOException{    Object currentActivityThread = RefInvoke.invokeStaticMethod("android.app.ActivityThread", "currentActivityThread", new Class[]{}, new Object[]{});   HashMap mPackages = (HashMap)RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.ActivityThread", currentActivityThread, "mPackages");   //替换组件类加载器为DexClassLoader,已使动态加载代码具有组件生命周期   WeakReference wr = (WeakReference) mPackages.get(this.getPackageName());   DexClassLoader dLoader = new DexClassLoader(apkFileName,     odexPath, libPath, (ClassLoader) RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.LoadedApk", wr.get(), "mClassLoader"));   RefInvoke.setFieldOjbect("android.app.LoadedApk", "mClassLoader", wr.get(), dLoader);    //如果源应用配置有Appliction对象,则替换为源应用Applicaiton,以便不影响源程序逻辑。   ApplicationInfo appInfo = this.getPackageManager().getApplicationInfo(this.getPackageName(),PackageManager.GET_META_DATA);   Bundle bundle = appInfo.metaData;   if(bundle != null && bundle.containsKey(appkey)){        String appClassName = bundle.getString(appkey);    Application app = (Application)dLoader.loadClass(appClassName).newInstance();    RefInvoke.setFieldOjbect("android.app.ContextImpl", "mOuterContext", this.getBaseContext(), app);    RefInvoke.setFieldOjbect("android.content.ContextWrapper", "mBase", app, this.getBaseContext());    Object mBoundApplication = RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.ActivityThread", currentActivityThread, "mBoundApplication");    Object info = RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.ActivityThread$AppBindData", mBoundApplication, "info");    RefInvoke.setFieldOjbect("android.app.LoadedApk", "mApplication", info, app);    Object oldApplication = RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.ActivityThread", currentActivityThread, "mInitialApplication");    RefInvoke.setFieldOjbect("android.app.ActivityThread", "mInitialApplication", currentActivityThread, app);    ArrayList<Application> mAllApplications = (ArrayList<Application>)RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.ActivityThread", currentActivityThread, "mAllApplications");    mAllApplications.remove(oldApplication);    mAllApplications.add(app);    HashMap mProviderMap = (HashMap) RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.ActivityThread", currentActivityThread, "mProviderMap");    Iterator it = mProviderMap.values().iterator();    while(it.hasNext()){     Object providerClientRecord = it.next();     Object localProvider = RefInvoke.getFieldOjbect("android.app.ProviderClientRecord", providerClientRecord, "mLocalProvider");     RefInvoke.setFieldOjbect("android.content.ContentProvider", "mContext", localProvider, app);    }    RefInvoke.invokeMethod(appClassName, "onCreate", app, new Class[]{}, new Object[]{});   }  }    private void splitPayLoadFromDex(byte[] data) throws IOException{   byte[] apkdata = decrypt(data);   int ablen = apkdata.length;   byte[] dexlen = new byte[4];   System.arraycopy(apkdata, ablen - 4, dexlen, 0, 4);   ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(dexlen);   DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(bais);   int readInt = in.readInt();   System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(readInt));   byte[] newdex = new byte[readInt];   System.arraycopy(apkdata, ablen - 4 - readInt, newdex, 0, readInt);   File file = new File(apkFileName);   try {    FileOutputStream localFileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);    localFileOutputStream.write(newdex);    localFileOutputStream.close();    } catch (IOException localIOException) {    throw new RuntimeException(localIOException);   }      ZipInputStream localZipInputStream = new ZipInputStream(     new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)));   while (true) {    ZipEntry localZipEntry = localZipInputStream.getNextEntry();    if (localZipEntry == null) {     localZipInputStream.close();     break;    }    String name = localZipEntry.getName();    if (name.startsWith("lib/") && name.endsWith(".so")) {     File storeFile = new File(libPath+"/"+name.substring(name.lastIndexOf('/')));     storeFile.createNewFile();     FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(storeFile);     byte[] arrayOfByte = new byte[1024];     while (true) {      int i = localZipInputStream.read(arrayOfByte);      if (i == -1)       break;      fos.write(arrayOfByte, 0, i);     }     fos.flush();     fos.close();     }    localZipInputStream.closeEntry();   }   localZipInputStream.close();      }    private byte[] readDexFileFromApk() throws IOException {   ByteArrayOutputStream dexByteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();   ZipInputStream localZipInputStream = new ZipInputStream(     new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(this.getApplicationInfo().sourceDir)));   while (true) {    ZipEntry localZipEntry = localZipInputStream.getNextEntry();    if (localZipEntry == null) {     localZipInputStream.close();     break;    }    if (localZipEntry.getName().equals("classes.dex")) {     byte[] arrayOfByte = new byte[1024];     while (true) {      int i = localZipInputStream.read(arrayOfByte);      if (i == -1)       break;      dexByteArrayOutputStream.write(arrayOfByte, 0, i);     }    }    localZipInputStream.closeEntry();   }   localZipInputStream.close();   return dexByteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();  }    ////直接返回数据,读者可以添加自己解密方法  private byte[] decrypt(byte[] data){   return data;  } } 

RefInvoke为反射调用工具类:

package com.android.dexunshell;  import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; import java.lang.reflect.Method;  public class RefInvoke {    public static Object invokeStaticMethod(String class_name, String method_name, Class[] pareTyple, Object[] pareVaules){      try {    Class obj_class = Class.forName(class_name);    Method method = obj_class.getMethod(method_name,pareTyple);    return method.invoke(null, pareVaules);   } catch (SecurityException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   }   return null;     }    public static Object invokeMethod(String class_name, String method_name, Object obj ,Class[] pareTyple, Object[] pareVaules){      try {    Class obj_class = Class.forName(class_name);    Method method = obj_class.getMethod(method_name,pareTyple);    return method.invoke(obj, pareVaules);   } catch (SecurityException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   }   return null;     }    public static Object getFieldOjbect(String class_name,Object obj, String filedName){   try {    Class obj_class = Class.forName(class_name);    Field field = obj_class.getDeclaredField(filedName);    field.setAccessible(true);    return field.get(obj);   } catch (SecurityException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   }   return null;     }    public static Object getStaticFieldOjbect(String class_name, String filedName){      try {    Class obj_class = Class.forName(class_name);    Field field = obj_class.getDeclaredField(filedName);    field.setAccessible(true);    return field.get(null);   } catch (SecurityException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   }   return null;     }    public static void setFieldOjbect(String classname, String filedName, Object obj, Object filedVaule){   try {    Class obj_class = Class.forName(classname);    Field field = obj_class.getDeclaredField(filedName);    field.setAccessible(true);    field.set(obj, filedVaule);   } catch (SecurityException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   }   }    public static void setStaticOjbect(String class_name, String filedName, Object filedVaule){   try {    Class obj_class = Class.forName(class_name);    Field field = obj_class.getDeclaredField(filedName);    field.setAccessible(true);    field.set(null, filedVaule);   } catch (SecurityException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {    // TODO Auto-generated catch block    e.printStackTrace();   }    }  } 


九、总结
本文代码基本实现了APK文件的加壳及脱壳原理,该代码作为实验代码还有诸多地方需要改进。比如:
1、加壳数据的加密算法的添加。
2、脱壳代码由java语言实现,可通过C代码的实现对脱壳逻辑进行保护,以达到更好的反逆向分析效果。

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