首页 > 系统 > Android > 正文

详解Android应用中DialogFragment的基本用法

2019-12-12 06:24:47
字体:
来源:转载
供稿:网友

DialogFragment的基本用法
1. 创建DialogFragment

public class DialogA extends DialogFragment implements DialogInterface.OnClickListener { @Override public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());  builder.setMessage(R.string.dialoga_title)    .setPositiveButton(R.string.ok, this)    .setNegativeButton(R.string.cancel, this);  return builder.create(); }  @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {  switch(id) {   case AlertDialog.BUTTON_NEGATIVE:    Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Negative", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();    break;   case AlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE:    Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Positive", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();    break;   default:    break;  }  } }

说明:自定义一个DialogFragment,并重写它的onCreateDialog()方法。
2. 调用该DialogFragment
下面是在FragmentActivity中调用该DialogFragment对话框。

public class DialogTest extends FragmentActivity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  setContentView(R.layout.main);  showDialog(); } private void showDialog() {  FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();  DialogA dialoga = new DialogA();  dialoga.show(fm, "fragmenta"); }}

自定义DialogFragment布局
下面介绍自定义DialogFragment的布局的方法
点击查看:自定义DialogFragment布局的完整代码
1. 设置布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" > <TextView  android:layout_width="match_parent"  android:layout_height="wrap_content"  android:hint="@string/dialoga_intro" /> <ImageView  android:id="@+id/image"  android:layout_width="wrap_content"  android:layout_height="wrap_content"  android:src="@drawable/ic_action_video" /></LinearLayout>

2. 使用布局

public class DialogA extends DialogFragment implements DialogInterface.OnClickListener { @Override public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());  LayoutInflater inflater = getActivity().getLayoutInflater();  builder.setView(inflater.inflate(R.layout.dialoga, null))    .setMessage(R.string.dialoga_title)    .setPositiveButton(R.string.ok, this)    .setNegativeButton(R.string.cancel, this);  return builder.create(); } @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {  switch(id) {   case AlertDialog.BUTTON_NEGATIVE:    Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Negative", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();    break;   case AlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE:    Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Positive", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();    break;   default:    break;  } }}

DialogFragment和Activity的交互
下面介绍自定义DialogFragment和Activity交互的方法
点击查看:DialogFragment和Activity交互的完整代码
1. 定义通信接口
在DialogFragment中定义它们之间的通信接口。

public interface NoticeDialogListener { public void onDialogPositiveClick(DialogFragment dialog); public void onDialogNegativeClick(DialogFragment dialog);} // Use this instance of the interface to deliver action eventsNoticeDialogListener mListener;// Override the Fragment.onAttach() method to instantiate the NoticeDialogListener@Overridepublic void onAttach(Activity activity) { super.onAttach(activity); // Verify that the host activity implements the callback interface try {  // Instantiate the NoticeDialogListener so we can send events to the host  mListener = (NoticeDialogListener) activity; } catch (ClassCastException e) {  // The activity doesn't implement the interface, throw exception  throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString()    + " must implement NoticeDialogListener"); } } 

2. 在DialogFragment中调用该接口

@Overridepublic void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) { switch(id) {  case AlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE:   //Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Negative", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();   mListener.onDialogPositiveClick(DialogA.this);   break;  case AlertDialog.BUTTON_NEGATIVE:   //Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Positive", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();   mListener.onDialogNegativeClick(DialogA.this);   break;  default:   break; } }

3. 在Activity中实现该接口

public class DialogTest extends FragmentActivity  implements DialogA.NoticeDialogListener { ... @Override public void onDialogPositiveClick(DialogFragment dialog) {  Toast.makeText(this, "Positive Callback", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onDialogNegativeClick(DialogFragment dialog) {  Toast.makeText(this, "Negative Callback", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }}

Dialog与DialogFragment的对比
从代码的编写角度看,Dialog使用起来要更为简单,但是Google则是推荐尽量使用DialogFragment(对于Android 3.0以下的版本,可以结合使用support包中提供的DialogFragment以及FragmentActivity)。今天试着用这两种方式来创建对话框,发现DialogFragment果然有一个非常好的特性(在手机配置变化,导致Activity需要重新创建时,例如旋屏,基于DialogFragment的对话框将会由FragmentManager自动重建,然而基于Dialog实现的对话框则没有这样的能力)。

下面是两段实例代码:

他们使用的界面都一样:(dialog.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" >  <ImageView  android:layout_width="wrap_content"  android:layout_height="wrap_content"  android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher" /> </LinearLayout>

1.基于Dialog实现的对话框

public class MainActivity extends Activity { private Button clk; private Dialog dialog; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);     clk = (Button) findViewById(R.id.clk);  dialog = new Dialog(this);  dialog.setContentView(R.layout.dialog);  clk.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {       @Override   public void onClick(View v) {    dialog.show();   }  }); }}

当我们点击按钮时,会弹出对话框(内容为android logo),当我们旋转屏幕后,Activity重新创建,整个Activity的界面没有问题,而对话框消失了。
除此之外,其实还有一个问题,就是在logcat中会看到异常信息:Android..leaked .. window,这是因为在Activity结束之前,Android要求所有的Dialog必须要关闭。我们旋屏后,Activity会被重建,而上面的代码逻辑并没有考虑到对话框的状态以及是否已关闭。

于是将上述代码修改为:

public class MainActivity extends Activity { private Button clk; private Dialog dialog; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);     clk = (Button) findViewById(R.id.clk);  dialog = new Dialog(this);  dialog.setContentView(R.layout.dialog);  clk.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {       @Override   public void onClick(View v) {    dialog.show();   }  });   //用户恢复对话框的状态  if(savedInstanceState != null && savedInstanceState.getBoolean("dialog_show"))   clk.performClick(); }  /**  * 用于保存对话框的状态以便恢复  */ @Override protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {  super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);  if(dialog != null && dialog.isShowing())   outState.putBoolean("dialog_show", true);  else   outState.putBoolean("dialog_show", false); }  /**  * 在Activity销毁之前,确保对话框以关闭  */ @Override protected void onDestroy() {  super.onDestroy();  if(dialog != null && dialog.isShowing())   dialog.dismiss(); }}


2. 基于DialogFragment的对话框

与上面的对话框使用同样的界面布局,此处仅仅展现一个简单对话框,因此只重写了onCreateView方法

public class MyDialogFragment extends DialogFragment { @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,   Bundle savedInstanceState) {  View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.dialog, container, false);  return v; }}public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity { private Button clk; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);     clk = (Button) findViewById(R.id.clk);  clk.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {       @Override   public void onClick(View v) {    MyDialogFragment mdf = new MyDialogFragment();    FragmentTransaction ft = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();    ft.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE);    mdf.show(ft, "df");   }  }); }}


这两段代码可以实现第一种方式的同样功能,此处我们并没有去关心对话框的重建,以及Activity销毁前对话框是否已关闭,这一切都是由FragmentManager来管理。
其实DialogFragment还拥有fragment的优点,即可以在一个Activity内部实现回退(因为FragmentManager会管理一个回退栈)

发表评论 共有条评论
用户名: 密码:
验证码: 匿名发表