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Android自定义HorizontalScrollView打造超强Gallery效果

2019-12-12 06:21:32
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自从Gallery被谷歌废弃以后,Google推荐使用ViewPager和HorizontalScrollView来实现Gallery的效果。的确HorizontalScrollView可以实现Gallery的效果,但是HorizontalScrollView存在一个很大的问题,如果你仅是用来展示少量的图片,应该是没问题的,但是如果我希望HorizontalScrollView可以想ViewPager一样,既可以绑定数据集(动态改变图片),还能做到,不管多少图片都不会OOM(ViewPager内部一直初始化,回收,至多只保持3个View)。本篇博客首先介绍HorizontalScrollView的简单用法,然后会在此基础上进行扩展,自定义HorizontalScrollView实现我们上面提到的效果,类似一屏可以显示多个View的ViewPager,再多的图片也不怕OOM。
1、HorizontalScrollView的简单用法
HorizontalScrollView其实是FrameLayout的子类,所以内部只能有一个直接的子View。我们用来做Gallery效果,首选当然是LinearLayout,然后方向设置为水平。
1)、布局文件:

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  android:layout_width="match_parent"  android:layout_height="match_parent"  >  <HorizontalScrollView  android:layout_width="wrap_content"  android:layout_height="150dp"  android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"  android:background="#AA444444"  android:scrollbars="none" >   <LinearLayout   android:id="@+id/id_gallery"   android:layout_width="wrap_content"   android:layout_height="wrap_content"   android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"   android:orientation="horizontal" >  </LinearLayout>  </HorizontalScrollView>  </LinearLayout> 

很简单,就一个HorizontalScrollView内部有个水平方向的LinearLayout
MainActivity:

package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview;  import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.Window; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.LinearLayout; import android.widget.TextView;  public class MainActivity extends Activity {   private LinearLayout mGallery;  private int[] mImgIds;  private LayoutInflater mInflater;   @Override  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)  {  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);  setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);  mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(this);  initData();  initView();   }   private void initData()  {  mImgIds = new int[] { R.drawable.a, R.drawable.b, R.drawable.c,   R.drawable.d, R.drawable.e, R.drawable.f, R.drawable.g,   R.drawable.h, R.drawable.l };  }   private void initView()  {  mGallery = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.id_gallery);   for (int i = 0; i < mImgIds.length; i++)  {     View view = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_index_gallery_item,    mGallery, false);   ImageView img = (ImageView) view    .findViewById(R.id.id_index_gallery_item_image);   img.setImageResource(mImgIds[i]);   TextView txt = (TextView) view    .findViewById(R.id.id_index_gallery_item_text);   txt.setText("some info ");   mGallery.addView(view);  }  }  } 

很简单,我预先准备了一些图片直接放在了Drawble下,然后循环加入HorizontalScrollView的LinearLayout中即可,Item的布局就省了,后面会贴源码。
效果图:

效果还是不错的~如果只需要简单展示几张图片,直接用就可以了。
下面准备进入正题,HorizontalScrollView不管里面多少View都是不会回收的,当达到一定量的时候会发生OOM,下面介绍如何改写HorizontalScollView实现文章开始所说的效果。
2、自定义HorizontalScrollView
思想:
1、首先根据屏幕的大小和Item的大小,计算可以一个屏幕最多可以加载多少个Item,然后加载该数量Item。
2、当用户右滑(从右向左),滑动到一定距离时,加载下一张,删除第一张
3、当用户左滑(从左向右),滑动到一定距离时,加载上一张,删除最后一张
看下最后的效果图:

为了增加一定的趣味,做了一个类似上面的相册效果,支持拖动时自动变化,和点击变化~~是不是很赞~
1)、首先看布局文件:

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  android:layout_width="match_parent"  android:layout_height="match_parent"  android:background="@android:color/white"  android:orientation="vertical" >   <FrameLayout  android:layout_width="fill_parent"  android:layout_height="0dp"  android:layout_weight="1" >   <ImageView   android:id="@+id/id_content"   android:layout_width="fill_parent"   android:layout_height="fill_parent"   android:layout_gravity="center"   android:layout_margin="10dp"   android:scaleType="centerCrop"   android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher" />  </FrameLayout>   <com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview.MyHorizontalScrollView  android:id="@+id/id_horizontalScrollView"  android:layout_width="wrap_content"  android:layout_height="150dp"  android:layout_gravity="bottom"  android:background="@android:color/white"  android:scrollbars="none" >   <LinearLayout   android:id="@+id/id_gallery"   android:layout_width="wrap_content"   android:layout_height="wrap_content"   android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"   android:orientation="horizontal" >  </LinearLayout>  </com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview.MyHorizontalScrollView>  </LinearLayout> 

没任何变化,除了把类名改成了我们自定义的类~
2)、为了和国际接轨,我们也搞个Adapter,类似BaseAdapter

package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview;  import java.util.List;  import android.content.Context; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.BaseAdapter; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.TextView;  public class HorizontalScrollViewAdapter {   private Context mContext;  private LayoutInflater mInflater;  private List<Integer> mDatas;   public HorizontalScrollViewAdapter(Context context, List<Integer> mDatas)  {  this.mContext = context;  mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);  this.mDatas = mDatas;  }   public int getCount()  {  return mDatas.size();  }   public Object getItem(int position)  {  return mDatas.get(position);  }   public long getItemId(int position)  {  return position;  }   public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent)  {  ViewHolder viewHolder = null;  if (convertView == null)  {   viewHolder = new ViewHolder();   convertView = mInflater.inflate(    R.layout.activity_index_gallery_item, parent, false);   viewHolder.mImg = (ImageView) convertView    .findViewById(R.id.id_index_gallery_item_image);   viewHolder.mText = (TextView) convertView    .findViewById(R.id.id_index_gallery_item_text);    convertView.setTag(viewHolder);  } else  {   viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();  }  viewHolder.mImg.setImageResource(mDatas.get(position));  viewHolder.mText.setText("some info ");   return convertView;  }   private class ViewHolder  {  ImageView mImg;  TextView mText;  }  } 

3)、下面先看用法:

package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview;  import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List;  import android.app.Activity; import android.graphics.Color; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.Window; import android.widget.ImageView;  import com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview.MyHorizontalScrollView.CurrentImageChangeListener; import com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview.MyHorizontalScrollView.OnItemClickListener;  public class MainActivity extends Activity {   private MyHorizontalScrollView mHorizontalScrollView;  private HorizontalScrollViewAdapter mAdapter;  private ImageView mImg;  private List<Integer> mDatas = new ArrayList<Integer>(Arrays.asList(   R.drawable.a, R.drawable.b, R.drawable.c, R.drawable.d,   R.drawable.e, R.drawable.f, R.drawable.g, R.drawable.h,   R.drawable.l));   @Override  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)  {  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);  setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);   mImg = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.id_content);   mHorizontalScrollView = (MyHorizontalScrollView) findViewById(R.id.id_horizontalScrollView);  mAdapter = new HorizontalScrollViewAdapter(this, mDatas);  //添加滚动回调  mHorizontalScrollView   .setCurrentImageChangeListener(new CurrentImageChangeListener()   {    @Override    public void onCurrentImgChanged(int position,     View viewIndicator)    {    mImg.setImageResource(mDatas.get(position));    viewIndicator.setBackgroundColor(Color     .parseColor("#AA024DA4"));    }   });  //添加点击回调  mHorizontalScrollView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener()  {    @Override   public void onClick(View view, int position)   {   mImg.setImageResource(mDatas.get(position));   view.setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor("#AA024DA4"));   }  });  //设置适配器  mHorizontalScrollView.initDatas(mAdapter);  }  } 

用起来是不是有点像ListView,初始化数据适配器,然后设置数据适配器,然后就是设置各种回调~~
如果仅仅是一堆图片展示,类似商品切换,更见简单,就不需要设置滚动监听和点击监听了~
4)、最后看自定义的MyHorizontalScrollView类

package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview;  import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map;  import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.Color; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.util.DisplayMetrics; import android.util.Log; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.view.WindowManager; import android.widget.HorizontalScrollView; import android.widget.LinearLayout;  public class MyHorizontalScrollView extends HorizontalScrollView implements  OnClickListener {   /**  * 图片滚动时的回调接口  *  * @author zhy  *  */  public interface CurrentImageChangeListener  {  void onCurrentImgChanged(int position, View viewIndicator);  }   /**  * 条目点击时的回调  *  * @author zhy  *  */  public interface OnItemClickListener  {  void onClick(View view, int pos);  }   private CurrentImageChangeListener mListener;   private OnItemClickListener mOnClickListener;   private static final String TAG = "MyHorizontalScrollView";   /**  * HorizontalListView中的LinearLayout  */  private LinearLayout mContainer;   /**  * 子元素的宽度  */  private int mChildWidth;  /**  * 子元素的高度  */  private int mChildHeight;  /**  * 当前最后一张图片的index  */  private int mCurrentIndex;  /**  * 当前第一张图片的下标  */  private int mFristIndex;  /**  * 当前第一个View  */  private View mFirstView;  /**  * 数据适配器  */  private HorizontalScrollViewAdapter mAdapter;  /**  * 每屏幕最多显示的个数  */  private int mCountOneScreen;  /**  * 屏幕的宽度  */  private int mScreenWitdh;    /**  * 保存View与位置的键值对  */  private Map<View, Integer> mViewPos = new HashMap<View, Integer>();   public MyHorizontalScrollView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)  {  super(context, attrs);  // 获得屏幕宽度  WindowManager wm = (WindowManager) context   .getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);  DisplayMetrics outMetrics = new DisplayMetrics();  wm.getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(outMetrics);  mScreenWitdh = outMetrics.widthPixels;  }   @Override  protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)  {  super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);  mContainer = (LinearLayout) getChildAt(0);  }   /**  * 加载下一张图片  */  protected void loadNextImg()  {  // 数组边界值计算  if (mCurrentIndex == mAdapter.getCount() - 1)  {   return;  }  //移除第一张图片,且将水平滚动位置置0  scrollTo(0, 0);  mViewPos.remove(mContainer.getChildAt(0));  mContainer.removeViewAt(0);    //获取下一张图片,并且设置onclick事件,且加入容器中  View view = mAdapter.getView(++mCurrentIndex, null, mContainer);  view.setOnClickListener(this);  mContainer.addView(view);  mViewPos.put(view, mCurrentIndex);    //当前第一张图片小标  mFristIndex++;  //如果设置了滚动监听则触发  if (mListener != null)  {   notifyCurrentImgChanged();  }   }  /**  * 加载前一张图片  */  protected void loadPreImg()  {  //如果当前已经是第一张,则返回  if (mFristIndex == 0)   return;  //获得当前应该显示为第一张图片的下标  int index = mCurrentIndex - mCountOneScreen;  if (index >= 0)  { //  mContainer = (LinearLayout) getChildAt(0);   //移除最后一张   int oldViewPos = mContainer.getChildCount() - 1;   mViewPos.remove(mContainer.getChildAt(oldViewPos));   mContainer.removeViewAt(oldViewPos);     //将此View放入第一个位置   View view = mAdapter.getView(index, null, mContainer);   mViewPos.put(view, index);   mContainer.addView(view, 0);   view.setOnClickListener(this);   //水平滚动位置向左移动view的宽度个像素   scrollTo(mChildWidth, 0);   //当前位置--,当前第一个显示的下标--   mCurrentIndex--;   mFristIndex--;   //回调   if (mListener != null)   {   notifyCurrentImgChanged();    }  }  }   /**  * 滑动时的回调  */  public void notifyCurrentImgChanged()  {  //先清除所有的背景色,点击时会设置为蓝色  for (int i = 0; i < mContainer.getChildCount(); i++)  {   mContainer.getChildAt(i).setBackgroundColor(Color.WHITE);  }    mListener.onCurrentImgChanged(mFristIndex, mContainer.getChildAt(0));   }   /**  * 初始化数据,设置数据适配器  *  * @param mAdapter  */  public void initDatas(HorizontalScrollViewAdapter mAdapter)  {  this.mAdapter = mAdapter;  mContainer = (LinearLayout) getChildAt(0);  // 获得适配器中第一个View  final View view = mAdapter.getView(0, null, mContainer);  mContainer.addView(view);   // 强制计算当前View的宽和高  if (mChildWidth == 0 && mChildHeight == 0)  {   int w = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0,    View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);   int h = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0,    View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);   view.measure(w, h);   mChildHeight = view.getMeasuredHeight();   mChildWidth = view.getMeasuredWidth();   Log.e(TAG, view.getMeasuredWidth() + "," + view.getMeasuredHeight());   mChildHeight = view.getMeasuredHeight();   // 计算每次加载多少个View   mCountOneScreen = mScreenWitdh / mChildWidth+2;    Log.e(TAG, "mCountOneScreen = " + mCountOneScreen    + " ,mChildWidth = " + mChildWidth);     }  //初始化第一屏幕的元素  initFirstScreenChildren(mCountOneScreen);  }   /**  * 加载第一屏的View  *  * @param mCountOneScreen  */  public void initFirstScreenChildren(int mCountOneScreen)  {  mContainer = (LinearLayout) getChildAt(0);  mContainer.removeAllViews();  mViewPos.clear();   for (int i = 0; i < mCountOneScreen; i++)  {   View view = mAdapter.getView(i, null, mContainer);   view.setOnClickListener(this);   mContainer.addView(view);   mViewPos.put(view, i);   mCurrentIndex = i;  }   if (mListener != null)  {   notifyCurrentImgChanged();  }   }   @Override  public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)  {  switch (ev.getAction())  {  case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: //  Log.e(TAG, getScrollX() + "");    int scrollX = getScrollX();   // 如果当前scrollX为view的宽度,加载下一张,移除第一张   if (scrollX >= mChildWidth)   {   loadNextImg();   }   // 如果当前scrollX = 0, 往前设置一张,移除最后一张   if (scrollX == 0)   {   loadPreImg();   }   break;  }  return super.onTouchEvent(ev);  }   @Override  public void onClick(View v)  {  if (mOnClickListener != null)  {   for (int i = 0; i < mContainer.getChildCount(); i++)   {   mContainer.getChildAt(i).setBackgroundColor(Color.WHITE);   }   mOnClickListener.onClick(v, mViewPos.get(v));  }  }   public void setOnItemClickListener(OnItemClickListener mOnClickListener)  {  this.mOnClickListener = mOnClickListener;  }   public void setCurrentImageChangeListener(   CurrentImageChangeListener mListener)  {  this.mListener = mListener;  }  } 

首先,加载第一个Item,根据item的宽计算当前屏幕可以加载多少张图片,然后初始化第一屏的图片,接下来就是从写onTouchEvent,在其中监听用户的ACTION_MOVE,然后根据移动的距离加载前一张或者后一张,同时动态移除不可见的View,回收内存~~~~
代码中有个Map专门存储View和posion的,主要是为了给点击回调提供当前的View的位置,有点类似:Android 自定义 ViewPager 打造千变万化的图片切换效果里面的Map的巧妙用法~~
是不是完全实现了ViewPager和HorizontalScrollView的合体~~~HorizontalScrollView的效果,ViewPager的特性~~~~
最后贴一下旋转屏幕后的效果图:

可以看出,不仅是做相册,还是图片轮播想过都是刚刚的!

源码下载:HorizontalScrollView打造超强Gallery效果

如果你的项目中需要用到Gallery类似的效果,果断使用上例尝试吧!

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