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Android WebView 上传文件支持全解析

2019-12-12 06:10:24
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默认情况下情况下,使用Android的WebView是不能够支持上传文件的。而这个,也是在我们的前端工程师告知之后才了解的。因为Android的每个版本WebView的实现有差异,因此需要对不同版本去适配。花了一点时间,参考别人的代码,这个问题已经解决,这里把我踩过的坑分享出来。
主要思路是重写WebChromeClient,然后在WebViewActivity中接收选择到的文件Uri,传给页面去上传就可以了。
创建一个WebViewActivity的内部类

public class XHSWebChromeClient extends WebChromeClient {  // For Android 3.0+  public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback<Uri> uploadMsg) {    CLog.i("UPFILE", "in openFile Uri Callback");    if (mUploadMessage != null) {      mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(null);    }    mUploadMessage = uploadMsg;    Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);    i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);    i.setType("*/*");    startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(i, "File Chooser"), FILECHOOSER_RESULTCODE);  }  // For Android 3.0+  public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback uploadMsg, String acceptType) {    CLog.i("UPFILE", "in openFile Uri Callback has accept Type" + acceptType);    if (mUploadMessage != null) {      mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(null);    }    mUploadMessage = uploadMsg;    Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);    i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);    String type = TextUtils.isEmpty(acceptType) ? "*/*" : acceptType;    i.setType(type);    startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(i, "File Chooser"),        FILECHOOSER_RESULTCODE);  }  // For Android 4.1  public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback<Uri> uploadMsg, String acceptType, String capture) {    CLog.i("UPFILE", "in openFile Uri Callback has accept Type" + acceptType + "has capture" + capture);    if (mUploadMessage != null) {      mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(null);    }    mUploadMessage = uploadMsg;    Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);    i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);    String type = TextUtils.isEmpty(acceptType) ? "*/*" : acceptType;    i.setType(type);    startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(i, "File Chooser"), FILECHOOSER_RESULTCODE);  }//Android 5.0+  @Override  @SuppressLint("NewApi")  public boolean onShowFileChooser(WebView webView, ValueCallback<Uri[]> filePathCallback, FileChooserParams fileChooserParams) {    if (mUploadMessage != null) {      mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(null);    }    CLog.i("UPFILE", "file chooser params:" + fileChooserParams.toString());    mUploadMessage = filePathCallback;    Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);    i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);    if (fileChooserParams != null && fileChooserParams.getAcceptTypes() != null        && fileChooserParams.getAcceptTypes().length > 0) {      i.setType(fileChooserParams.getAcceptTypes()[0]);    } else {      i.setType("*/*");    }    startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(i, "File Chooser"), FILECHOOSER_RESULTCODE);    return true;  }}

上面openFileChooser是系统未暴露的接口,因此不需要加Override的注解,同时不同版本有不同的参数,其中的参数,第一个ValueCallback用于我们在选择完文件后,接收文件回调到网页内处理,acceptType为接受的文件mime type。在Android 5.0之后,系统提供了onShowFileChooser来让我们实现选择文件的方法,仍然有ValueCallback,在FileChooserParams参数中,同样包括acceptType。我们可以根据acceptType,来打开系统的或者我们自己创建文件选择器。当然如果需要打开相机拍照,也可以自己去使用打开相机拍照的Intent去打开即可。
处理选择的文件
以上是打开响应的选择文件的界面,我们还需要处理接收到文件之后,传给网页来响应。因为我们前面是使用startActivityForResult来打开的选择页面,我们会在onActivityResult中接收到选择的结果。Show code:

@Overrideprotected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {  super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);  if (requestCode == FILECHOOSER_RESULTCODE) {    if (null == mUploadMessage) return;    Uri result = data == null || resultCode != RESULT_OK ? null : data.getData();    if (result == null) {      mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(null);      mUploadMessage = null;      return;    }    CLog.i("UPFILE", "onActivityResult" + result.toString());    String path = FileUtils.getPath(this, result);    if (TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {      mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(null);      mUploadMessage = null;      return;    }    Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File(path));    CLog.i("UPFILE", "onActivityResult after parser uri:" + uri.toString());    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {      mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(new Uri[]{uri});    } else {      mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(uri);    }    mUploadMessage = null;  }}

以上代码主要就是调用ValueCallback的onReceiveValue方法,将结果传回web。
注意,其他要说的,重要
由于不同版本的差别,Android 5.0以下的版本,ValueCallback 的onReceiveValue接收的参数类型是Uri, 5.0及以上版本接收的是Uri数组,在传值的时候需要注意。
选择文件会使用系统提供的组件或者其他支持的app,返回的uri有的直接是文件的url,有的是contentprovider的uri,因此我们需要统一处理一下,转成文件的uri,可参考以下代码(获取文件的路径)。
调用getPath可以将Uri转成真实文件的Path,然后可以自己生成文件的Uri

public class FileUtils {  /**   * @param uri The Uri to check.   * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.   */  public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {    return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());  }  /**   * @param uri The Uri to check.   * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.   */  public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {    return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());  }  /**   * @param uri The Uri to check.   * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.   */  public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {    return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());  }  /**   * Get the value of the data column for this Uri. This is useful for   * MediaStore Uris, and other file-based ContentProviders.   *   * @param context The context.   * @param uri The Uri to query.   * @param selection (Optional) Filter used in the query.   * @param selectionArgs (Optional) Selection arguments used in the query.   * @return The value of the _data column, which is typically a file path.   */  public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection,                    String[] selectionArgs) {    Cursor cursor = null;    final String column = "_data";    final String[] projection = {        column    };    try {      cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs,          null);      if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {        final int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);        return cursor.getString(column_index);      }    } finally {      if (cursor != null)        cursor.close();    }    return null;  }  /**   * Get a file path from a Uri. This will get the the path for Storage Access   * Framework Documents, as well as the _data field for the MediaStore and   * other file-based ContentProviders.   *   * @param context The context.   * @param uri The Uri to query.   * @author paulburke   */  @SuppressLint("NewApi")  public static String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {    final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT;    // DocumentProvider    if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {      // ExternalStorageProvider      if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {        final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);        final String[] split = docId.split(":");        final String type = split[0];        if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {          return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];        }        // TODO handle non-primary volumes      }      // DownloadsProvider      else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {        final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);        final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(            Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));        return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);      }      // MediaProvider      else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {        final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);        final String[] split = docId.split(":");        final String type = split[0];        Uri contentUri = null;        if ("image".equals(type)) {          contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;        } else if ("video".equals(type)) {          contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;        } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {          contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;        }        final String selection = "_id=?";        final String[] selectionArgs = new String[] {            split[1]        };        return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);      }    }    // MediaStore (and general)    else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {      return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);    }    // File    else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {      return uri.getPath();    }    return null;  }}

再有,即使获取的结果为null,也要传给web,即直接调用mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(null),否则网页会阻塞。
最后,在打release包的时候,因为我们会混淆,要特别设置不要混淆WebChromeClient子类里面的openFileChooser方法,由于不是继承的方法,所以默认会被混淆,然后就无法选择文件了。
就这样吧。
原文地址:http://blog.isming.me/2015/12/21/android-webview-upload-file/

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持武林网。

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