Retrofit介绍:
Retrofit(GitHub主页https://github.com/square/okhttp)和OkHttp师出同门,也是Square的开源库,它是一个类型安全的网络请求库,Retrofit简化了网络请求流程,基于OkHtttp做了封装,解耦的更彻底:比方说通过注解来配置请求参数,通过工厂来生成CallAdapter,Converter,你可以使用不同的请求适配器(CallAdapter), 比方说RxJava,Java8, Guava。你可以使用不同的反序列化工具(Converter),比方说json, protobuff, xml, moshi等等。
官网 http://square.github.io/retrofit/
github https://github.com/square/retrofit
Retrofit使用:
1.在build.gradle中添加如下配置
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.0.2'
2.初始化Retrofit
retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(BASE_URL) .addConverterFactory(FastJsonConverterFactory.create()) .client(mOkHttpClient) .build();
3.初始化OkHttpClient
OkHttpClient.Builder builder = new OkHttpClient().newBuilder() .connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置超时时间 .readTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置读取超时时间 .writeTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);//设置写入超时时间 int cacheSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024; // 10 MiB Cache cache = new Cache(App.getContext().getCacheDir(), cacheSize); builder.cache(cache); builder.addInterceptor(interceptor); mOkHttpClient = builder.build();关于okHttp的拦截器、Cache-Control等这里就不再做解说了
4.关于ConverterFactory
对于okHttpClient的初始化我们都已经很熟悉了,对ConverterFactory初次接触多少有点陌生,其实这个就是用来统一解析ResponseBody返回数据的。
常见的ConverterFactory
Gson: com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gsonJackson: com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-jacksonMoshi: com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-moshiProtobuf: com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-protobufWire: com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-wireSimple XML: com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-simplexmlScalars (primitives, boxed, and String): com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-scalars
由于项目中使用的是FastJson,所以只能自己自定义ConverterFactory。
5.定义接口 get 请求
(1)get请求 不带任何参数
public interface IApi { @GET("users")//不带参数get请求 Call<List<User>> getUsers();}
(2)get请求 动态路径 @Path使用
public interface IApi { @GET("users/{groupId}")//动态路径get请求 Call<List<User>> getUsers(@Path("userId") String userId);}
public interface IApi { @GET("users/{groupId}") Call<List<User>> getUsers(@Path("userId") String userId, @Query("age")int age);}
6.定义接口 post请求
(1)post请求 @body使用
public interface IApi { @POST("add")//直接把对象通过ConverterFactory转化成对应的参数 Call<List<User>> addUser(@Body User user);}
(2)post请求 @FormUrlEncoded,@Field使用
public interface IApi { @POST("login") @FormUrlEncoded//读参数进行urlEncoded Call<User> login(@Field("userId") String username, @Field("password") String password);}
(3)post请求 @FormUrlEncoded,@FieldMap使用
public interface IApi { @POST("login") @FormUrlEncoded//读参数进行urlEncoded Call<User> login(@FieldMap HashMap<String, String> paramsMap);}
(4)post请求 @Multipart,@Part使用
public interface IApi { @Multipart @POST("login") Call<User> login(@Part("userId") String userId, @Part("password") String password);}
7.Cache-Control缓存控制
public interface IApi { @Headers("Cache-Control: max-age=640000") @GET("users")//不带参数get请求 Call<List<User>> getUsers();}
/** * 初始化Api */ private void initIApi() { iApi = retrofit.create(IApi.class); } /** * 返回Api */ public static IApi api() { return api.iApi; }
(2)发送请求
Call<String> call = Api.api().login(userId,password); call.enqueue(new Callback<String>() { @Override public void onResponse(Call<String> call, Response<String> response) { Log.e("", "response---->" + response.body()); } @Override public void onFailure(Call<String> call, Throwable t) { Log.e("", "response----失败"); } });
9.拦截器配置
拦截器配置要点compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.0.0-beta4'compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.0.0-beta4'compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava:2.0.0-beta4'compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.0.1'compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.0.1'
HttpLoggingInterceptor interceptor = new HttpLoggingInterceptor();interceptor.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY);OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder() .addInterceptor(interceptor) .retryOnConnectionFailure(true) .connectTimeout(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS) .addNetworkInterceptor(mTokenInterceptor) .build();
Interceptor mTokenInterceptor = new Interceptor() { @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException { Request originalRequest = chain.request(); if (Your.sToken == null || alreadyHasAuthorizationHeader(originalRequest)) { return chain.proceed(originalRequest); } Request authorised = originalRequest.newBuilder() .header("Authorization", Your.sToken) .build(); return chain.proceed(authorised); }};
Authenticator mAuthenticator = new Authenticator() { @Override public Request authenticate(Route route, Response response) throws IOException { Your.sToken = service.refreshToken(); return response.request().newBuilder() .addHeader("Authorization", newAccessToken) .build(); }}
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(AppConfig.BASE_URL) .client(client) .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create()) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create(gson)) .build();service = retrofit.create(YourApi.class);
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