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Android Service启动过程完整分析

2019-12-12 05:01:49
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刚开始学习Service的时候以为它是一个线程的封装,也可以执行耗时操作。其实不然,Service是运行在主线程的。直接执行耗时操作是会阻塞主线程的。长时间就直接ANR了。

我们知道Service可以执行一些后台任务,是后台任务不是耗时的任务,后台和耗时是有区别的喔。
这样就很容易想到音乐播放器,天气预报这些应用是要用到Service的。当然如果要在Service中执行耗时操作的话,开个线程就可以了。

关于Service的运行状态有两种,启动状态和绑定状态,两种状态可以一起。
启动一个Service只需调用Context的startService方法,传进一个Intent即可。看起来好像很简单的说,那是因为Android为了方便开发者,做了很大程度的封装。那么你真的有去学习过Service是怎么启动的吗?Service的onCreate方法回调前都做了哪些准备工作?

先上一张图大致了解下,灰色背景框起来的是同一个类中的方法,如下图:

那接下来就从源码的角度来分析Service的启动过程。

当然是从Context的startService方法开始,Context的实现类是ContextImpl,那么我们就看到ContextImpl的startService方法即可,如下:

@Overridepublic ComponentName startService(Intent service) {  warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();  return startServiceCommon(service, mUser);}

会转到startServiceCommon方法,那跟进startServiceCommon方法方法瞧瞧。

private ComponentName startServiceCommon(Intent service, UserHandle user) {  try {    validateServiceIntent(service);    service.prepareToLeaveProcess();    ComponentName cn = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().startService(      mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), service, service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(            getContentResolver()), getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());  //代码省略    return cn;  } catch (RemoteException e) {    throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);  }}

可以看到调用了ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()的startService方法来启动Service,ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()是ActivityManagerService,简称AMS。

那么现在启动Service的过程就转移到了ActivityManagerService,我们关注ActivityManagerService的startService方法即可,如下:

@Overridepublic ComponentName startService(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service,    String resolvedType, String callingPackage, int userId)    throws TransactionTooLargeException {   //代码省略  synchronized(this) {    final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();    final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();    final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();    ComponentName res = mServices.startServiceLocked(caller, service,        resolvedType, callingPid, callingUid, callingPackage, userId);    Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);    return res;  }}

在上述的代码中,调用了ActiveServices的startServiceLocked方法,那么现在Service的启动过程从AMS转移到了ActiveServices了。

继续跟进ActiveServices的startServiceLocked方法,如下:

ComponentName startServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service, String resolvedType,    int callingPid, int callingUid, String callingPackage, int userId)    throws TransactionTooLargeException {  //代码省略  ServiceLookupResult res =    retrieveServiceLocked(service, resolvedType, callingPackage,        callingPid, callingUid, userId, true, callerFg);  //代码省略  ServiceRecord r = res.record;  //代码省略  return startServiceInnerLocked(smap, service, r, callerFg, addToStarting);}

在startServiceLocked方法中又会调用startServiceInnerLocked方法,

我们瞧瞧startServiceInnerLocked方法,

ComponentName startServiceInnerLocked(ServiceMap smap, Intent service, ServiceRecord r,    boolean callerFg, boolean addToStarting) throws TransactionTooLargeException {  ProcessStats.ServiceState stracker = r.getTracker();  if (stracker != null) {    stracker.setStarted(true, mAm.mProcessStats.getMemFactorLocked(), r.lastActivity);  }  r.callStart = false;  synchronized (r.stats.getBatteryStats()) {    r.stats.startRunningLocked();  }  String error = bringUpServiceLocked(r, service.getFlags(), callerFg, false);  //代码省略  return r.name;}

startServiceInnerLocked方法内部调用了bringUpServiceLocked方法,此时启动过程已经快要离开ActiveServices了。继续看到bringUpServiceLocked方法。如下:

private final String bringUpServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, int intentFlags, boolean execInFg,    boolean whileRestarting) throws TransactionTooLargeException {    //代码省略    if (app != null && app.thread != null) {      try {        app.addPackage(r.appInfo.packageName, r.appInfo.versionCode, mAm.mProcessStats);        realStartServiceLocked(r, app, execInFg);        return null;      }     //代码省略    return null;}

省略了大部分if判断,相信眼尖的你一定发现了核心的方法,那就是
realStartServiceLocked,没错,看名字就像是真正启动Service。那么事不宜迟跟进去探探吧。如下:

private final void realStartServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r,    ProcessRecord app, boolean execInFg) throws RemoteException {  //代码省略  boolean created = false;  try {    //代码省略    app.forceProcessStateUpTo(ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_SERVICE);    app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo,        mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo),        app.repProcState);    r.postNotification();    created = true;  } catch (DeadObjectException e) {    Slog.w(TAG, "Application dead when creating service " + r);    mAm.appDiedLocked(app);    throw e;  }   //代码省略  sendServiceArgsLocked(r, execInFg, true);  //代码省略}

找到了。app.thread调用了scheduleCreateService来启动Service,而app.thread是一个ApplicationThread,也是ActivityThread的内部类。此时已经到了主线程。
那么我们探探ApplicationThread的scheduleCreateService方法。如下:

public final void scheduleCreateService(IBinder token,    ServiceInfo info, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, int processState) {  updateProcessState(processState, false);  CreateServiceData s = new CreateServiceData();  s.token = token;  s.info = info;  s.compatInfo = compatInfo;  sendMessage(H.CREATE_SERVICE, s);}

对待启动的Service组件信息进行包装,然后发送了一个消息。我们关注这个CREATE_SERVICE消息即可。

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {    //代码省略    case CREATE_SERVICE:      Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceCreate");      handleCreateService((CreateServiceData)msg.obj);      Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);      break;    //代码省略}

在handleMessage方法中接收到这个消息,然后调用了handleCreateService方法,跟进handleCreateService探探究竟:

private void handleCreateService(CreateServiceData data) {  // If we are getting ready to gc after going to the background, well  // we are back active so skip it.  unscheduleGcIdler();  LoadedApk packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(      data.info.applicationInfo, data.compatInfo);  Service service = null;  try {    java.lang.ClassLoader cl = packageInfo.getClassLoader();    service = (Service) cl.loadClass(data.info.name).newInstance();  } catch (Exception e) {    if (!mInstrumentation.onException(service, e)) {      throw new RuntimeException(        "Unable to instantiate service " + data.info.name        + ": " + e.toString(), e);    }  }  try {    if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Creating service " + data.info.name);    ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(this, packageInfo);    context.setOuterContext(service);    Application app = packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);    service.attach(context, this, data.info.name, data.token, app,        ActivityManagerNative.getDefault());    service.onCreate();    mServices.put(data.token, service);    try {      ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(          data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);    } catch (RemoteException e) {      // nothing to do.    }  } catch (Exception e) {    if (!mInstrumentation.onException(service, e)) {      throw new RuntimeException(        "Unable to create service " + data.info.name        + ": " + e.toString(), e);    }  }}

终于击破,这个方法很核心的。一点点分析

首先获取到一个LoadedApk对象,在通过这个LoadedApk对象获取到一个类加载器,通过这个类加载器来创建Service。如下:

java.lang.ClassLoader cl = packageInfo.getClassLoader();service = (Service) cl.loadClass(data.info.name).newInstance();

接着调用ContextImpl的createAppContext方法创建了一个ContextImpl对象。

之后再调用LoadedApk的makeApplication方法来创建Application,这个创建过程如下:

public Application makeApplication(boolean forceDefaultAppClass,    Instrumentation instrumentation) {  if (mApplication != null) {    return mApplication;  }  Application app = null;  String appClass = mApplicationInfo.className;  if (forceDefaultAppClass || (appClass == null)) {    appClass = "android.app.Application";  }  try {    java.lang.ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader();    if (!mPackageName.equals("android")) {      initializeJavaContextClassLoader();    }    ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createAppContext(mActivityThread, this);    app = mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication(        cl, appClass, appContext);    appContext.setOuterContext(app);  } catch (Exception e) {    if (!mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.onException(app, e)) {      throw new RuntimeException(        "Unable to instantiate application " + appClass        + ": " + e.toString(), e);    }  }  mActivityThread.mAllApplications.add(app);  mApplication = app;  if (instrumentation != null) {    try {      instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);    } catch (Exception e) {      if (!instrumentation.onException(app, e)) {        throw new RuntimeException(          "Unable to create application " + app.getClass().getName()          + ": " + e.toString(), e);      }    }  }  // Rewrite the R 'constants' for all library apks.  SparseArray<String> packageIdentifiers = getAssets(mActivityThread)      .getAssignedPackageIdentifiers();  final int N = packageIdentifiers.size();  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {    final int id = packageIdentifiers.keyAt(i);    if (id == 0x01 || id == 0x7f) {      continue;    }    rewriteRValues(getClassLoader(), packageIdentifiers.valueAt(i), id);  }  return app;}

当然Application是只有一个的,从上述代码中也可以看出。

在回来继续看handleCreateService方法,之后service调用了attach方法关联了ContextImpl和Application等

最后service回调了onCreate方法,

service.onCreate();mServices.put(data.token, service);

并将这个service添加进了一个了列表进行管理。

至此service启动了起来,以上就是service的启动过程。

你可能还想要知道onStartCommand方法是怎么被回调的?可能细心的你发现了在ActiveServices的realStartServiceLocked方法中,那里还有一个sendServiceArgsLocked方法。是的,那个就是入口。

那么我们跟进sendServiceArgsLocked方法看看onStartCommand方法是怎么回调的。

private final void sendServiceArgsLocked(ServiceRecord r, boolean execInFg,    boolean oomAdjusted) throws TransactionTooLargeException {  final int N = r.pendingStarts.size();    //代码省略    try {    //代码省略      r.app.thread.scheduleServiceArgs(r, si.taskRemoved, si.id, flags, si.intent);    } catch (TransactionTooLargeException e) {      if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "Transaction too large: intent="          + si.intent);      caughtException = e;    } catch (RemoteException e) {      // Remote process gone... we'll let the normal cleanup take care of this.      if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "Crashed while sending args: " + r);      caughtException = e;    }     //代码省略}

可以看到onStartCommand方法回调过程和onCreate方法的是很相似的,都会转到app.thread。那么现在就跟进ApplicationThread的scheduleServiceArgs。
你也可能猜到了应该又是封装一些Service的信息,然后发送一个消息, handleMessage接收。是的,源码如下:

public final void scheduleServiceArgs(IBinder token, boolean taskRemoved, int startId,  int flags ,Intent args) {  ServiceArgsData s = new ServiceArgsData();  s.token = token;  s.taskRemoved = taskRemoved;  s.startId = startId;  s.flags = flags;  s.args = args;  sendMessage(H.SERVICE_ARGS, s);}public void handleMessage(Message msg) {    //代码省略    case SERVICE_ARGS:      Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceStart");      handleServiceArgs((ServiceArgsData)msg.obj);      Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);      break;    //代码省略}

咦,真的是这样。谜底应该就在handleServiceArgs方法了,那么赶紧瞧瞧,源码如下:

private void handleServiceArgs(ServiceArgsData data) {  Service s = mServices.get(data.token);  if (s != null) {    try {      if (data.args != null) {        data.args.setExtrasClassLoader(s.getClassLoader());        data.args.prepareToEnterProcess();      }      int res;      if (!data.taskRemoved) {        res = s.onStartCommand(data.args, data.flags, data.startId);      } else {        s.onTaskRemoved(data.args);        res = Service.START_TASK_REMOVED_COMPLETE;      }      QueuedWork.waitToFinish();      try {        ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(            data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_START, data.startId, res);      } catch (RemoteException e) {        // nothing to do.      }      ensureJitEnabled();    } catch (Exception e) {      if (!mInstrumentation.onException(s, e)) {        throw new RuntimeException(            "Unable to start service " + s            + " with " + data.args + ": " + e.toString(), e);      }    }  }}

可以看到回调了onStartCommand方法。

以上就是Service的启动过程的源码分析。

从中,我理解了Service的启动过程的同时,阅读源码的能力也提高了,分析源码的时候我没能力把每一个变量,每一个方法都搞懂,我关注的都是一些关键的字眼,比如这篇文章就是start呀,service呀。会有那种感觉,就是这里没错了。当然如果陷入胡同了也要兜出来。

这样的分析也能够摸清整体的过程,对于细节,等我有扎实的功底了在去研究吧。

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持武林网。

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