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Android视图的绘制流程(上) View的测量

2019-12-12 04:01:07
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综述

  View的绘制流程可以分为三大步,它们分别是measure,layout和draw过程。measure表示View的测量过程,用于测量View的宽度和高度;layout用于确定View在父容器的位置;draw则是负责将View绘制到屏幕中。下面主要来看一下View的Measure过程。

测量过程

  View的绘制流程是从ViewRoot的performTraversals方法开始的,ViewRoot对应ViewRootImpl类。ViewRoot在performTraversals中会调用performMeasure方法来进行对根View的测量过程。而在performMeasure方法中又会调用View的measure方法。对于View的measure方法它是一个final类型,也就是说这个measure方法不能被子类重写。但是在measure方法中调用了onMeasure方法。所以View的子类可以重写onMeasure方法来实现各自的Measure过程。在这里也就是主要对onMeasure方法进行分析。

MeasureSpec

  MeasureSpec是View类中的一个静态内部类。一个MeasureSpec封装了父布局传递给子布局的布局要求。每个MeasureSpec都代表着一个高度或宽度的要求。每个MesureSpec都是由specSize和specMode组成,它代表着一个32位的int值,其中高2位代表specSize,低30位代表specMode。
  MeasureSpec的测量模式有三种,下面介绍一下这三种测量模式:

UNSPECIFIED
父容器对子View没有任何的限制,子View可以是任何的大小。
EXACTLY
父容器为子View大小指定一个具体值,View的最终大小就是specSize。对应View属性match_parent和具体值。
AT_MOST
子View的大小最大只能是specSize,也就是所子View的大小不能超过specSize。对应View属性的wrap_content.

  在MeasureSpec中可以通过specSize和specMode并使用makeMeasureSpec方法来创建一个MeasureSpec,还可以通过getMode和getSize来获取MeasureSpec的specMode和specSize。

View的测量过程

  在上面已经说到,View的Measure过程是由measure方法来完成的,而measure方法通过调用onMeasure方法来完成View的Measure过程。那么就来看一下onMeasure方法。

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {  setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),      getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));}

  在View的onMeasure方法中只是调用了setMeasuredDimension方法,setMeasuredDimension方法的作用就是设置View的高和宽的测量值。对于View测量后宽和高的值是通过getDefaultSize方法来获取的。下面就来一下这个getDefaultSize方法。

public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {  int result = size;  int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);  int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);  switch (specMode) {  case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:    result = size;    break;  case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:  case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:    result = specSize;    break;  }  return result;}


  对于MeasureSpec的AT_MOST和EXACTLY模式下,直接返回的就是MeasureSpec的specSize,也就是说这个specSize就是View测量后的大小。而对于在UNSPECIFIED模式下,View的测量值则为getDefaultSize方法中的第一个参数size。这个size所对应的宽和高是通过getSuggestedMinimumWidth和getSuggestedMinimumHeight两个方法获取的。下面就来看一下这两个方法。

protected int getSuggestedMinimumHeight() {  return (mBackground == null) ? mMinHeight : max(mMinHeight, mBackground.getMinimumHeight());}protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {  return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());}

  在这里可以看到对于View宽和高的取值是根据View是否存在背景进行设置的。在这里以View的宽度来进行说明。若是View没有背景则是View的宽度mMinWidth。对于mMinWidth值得设置可以在XML布局文件中设置minWidth属性,它的默认值为0。也可以通过调用View的setMinimumWidth()方法其赋值。若是View存在背景的话,则取View本身最小宽度mMinWidth和View背景的最小宽度它们中的最大值。

ViewGroup的测量过程

  对于ViewGroup的Measure过程,ViewGroup处理Measure自己本身的大小,还需要遍历子View,并调用它们的measure方法,然后各个子元素再去递归执行Measure过程。在ViewGroup中并没有重写onMeasure方法,因为ViewGroup它是一个抽象类,对于不同的具体ViewGroup它的onMeasure方法中所实现的过程不一样。但是在ViewGroup中提供了一个measureChildren方法,对子View进行测量。下面就来看一下这个measureChildren方法。

protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {  final int size = mChildrenCount;  final View[] children = mChildren;  for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {    final View child = children[i];    if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {      measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);    }  }}

  在这里获取ViewGroup中所有的子View。然后遍历ViewGroup中子View并调用measureChild方法来完成对子View的测量。下面看一下measureChild方法。

protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,    int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {  final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();  final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,      mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);  final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,      mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);  child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);}


  在这段代码中通过getChildMeasureSpec方法获取子View宽和高的MeasureSpec。然后调用子View的measure方法开始对View进行测量。下面就来看一下是如何通过getChildMeasureSpec方法来获取View的MeasureSpec的。

public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {  int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);  int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);  int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);  int resultSize = 0;  int resultMode = 0;  switch (specMode) {  // Parent has imposed an exact size on us  case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:    if (childDimension >= 0) {      resultSize = childDimension;      resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;    } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {      // Child wants to be our size. So be it.      resultSize = size;      resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;    } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {      // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be      // bigger than us.      resultSize = size;      resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;    }    break;  // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us  case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:    if (childDimension >= 0) {      // Child wants a specific size... so be it      resultSize = childDimension;      resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;    } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {      // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.      // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.      resultSize = size;      resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;    } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {      // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be      // bigger than us.      resultSize = size;      resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;    }    break;  // Parent asked to see how big we want to be  case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:    if (childDimension >= 0) {      // Child wants a specific size... let him have it      resultSize = childDimension;      resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;    } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {      // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should      // be      resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;      resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;    } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {      // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how      // big it should be      resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;      resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;    }    break;  }  return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);}

  在这段代码对于MeasureSpec的获取主要是根据父容器的MeasureSpec和View本身的LayoutParams。下面通过一张表格来看一下它们之间的对应关系。

  

       到这里通过getChildMeasureSpec方法获取到子View的MeasureSpec以后,便调用View的Measure方法,开始对View进行测量。
  正如刚才说的那样对于ViewGroup它是一个抽象类,并没有重写View的onMeasure方法。但是到具体的ViewGroup时,例如FrameLayout,LinearLayout,RelativeLayout等,它们通过重写onMeasure方法来来完成自身以及子View的Measure过程。下面以FrameLayout为例,看一下的Measure过程。在FrameLayout中,它的Measure过程也算是比较简单,下面就来看一下FrameLayout中的onMeasure方法。

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {  int count = getChildCount();  final boolean measureMatchParentChildren =      MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY ||      MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;  mMatchParentChildren.clear();  int maxHeight = 0;  int maxWidth = 0;  int childState = 0;  for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {    final View child = getChildAt(i);    if (mMeasureAllChildren || child.getVisibility() != GONE) {      measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec, 0);      final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();      maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth,          child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin);      maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight,          child.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);      childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState());      if (measureMatchParentChildren) {        if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT ||            lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {          mMatchParentChildren.add(child);        }      }    }  }  // Account for padding too  maxWidth += getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground();  maxHeight += getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground();  // Check against our minimum height and width  maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());  maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());  // Check against our foreground's minimum height and width  final Drawable drawable = getForeground();  if (drawable != null) {    maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, drawable.getMinimumHeight());    maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, drawable.getMinimumWidth());  }  setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),      resolveSizeAndState(maxHeight, heightMeasureSpec,          childState << MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT));  count = mMatchParentChildren.size();  if (count > 1) {    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {      final View child = mMatchParentChildren.get(i);      final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();      final int childWidthMeasureSpec;      if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {        final int width = Math.max(0, getMeasuredWidth()            - getPaddingLeftWithForeground() - getPaddingRightWithForeground()            - lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin);        childWidthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(            width, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);      } else {        childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(widthMeasureSpec,            getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground() +            lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin,            lp.width);      }      final int childHeightMeasureSpec;      if (lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {        final int height = Math.max(0, getMeasuredHeight()            - getPaddingTopWithForeground() - getPaddingBottomWithForeground()            - lp.topMargin - lp.bottomMargin);        childHeightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(            height, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);      } else {        childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(heightMeasureSpec,            getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground() +            lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin,            lp.height);      }      child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);    }  }}

  在这部分代码中逻辑也很简单,主要完成了两件事。首先FrameLayout完成自身的测量过程,然后在遍历子View,执行View的measure方法,完成View的Measure过程。在这里代码比较简单就不在进行详细描述。

总结

  最后对View和ViewGroup的Measure过程做一下总结。对于View,它的Measure很简单,在获取到View的高和宽的测量值之后,便为其设置高和宽。而对于ViewGroup来说,除了完成自身的Measure过程以外,还需要遍历子View,完成子View的测量过程。

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