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详解android与服务端交互的两种方式

2019-12-12 02:31:55
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做Android开发的程序员必须知道android客户端应该如何与服务端进行交互,这里主要介绍的是使用json数据进行交互。服务端从数据库查出数据并以json字符串的格式或者map集合的格式返回到客户端,客户端进行解析并输出到手机屏幕上。

此处介绍两种方式:使用Google原生的Gson解析json数据,使用JSONObject解析json数据

一、使用Google原生的Gson解析json数据:

记得在客户端添加gson.jar。

核心代码:

服务端:

package com.mfc.ctrl;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import javax.annotation.Resource;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;import com.mfc.dao.TblUserDao;import com.mfc.entity.TblUser;/** * 2017年7月6日06:26:40 * 对用户操作的控制器类  * */@Controller@RequestMapping("tblUserCtrl")public class TblUserCtrl {  @Resource(name="tblUserDao")  TblUserDao tblUserDao;  //添加用户  @RequestMapping("addUser")  @ResponseBody  public Object addUser(HttpServletRequest request){    String uname=request.getParameter("uname");    String upass=request.getParameter("upass");    float money=Float.parseFloat(request.getParameter("money"));    System.out.println(uname+"==="+upass+"==="+money);    TblUser tblUser=new TblUser();    tblUser.setMoney(money);    tblUser.setUname(uname);    tblUser.setUpass(upass);    tblUserDao.addUser(tblUser);    Map<String, Object> map=new HashMap<String, Object>();    map.put("success", "success");    return map;  }  //查看所有用户  @RequestMapping("getAllUser")  @ResponseBody  public Object getAllUser(){    List<TblUser> list = tblUserDao.selectAllUser();    Map<String, Object> map=new HashMap<String, Object>();    map.put("list", list);    return map;  }  //删除用户  @RequestMapping("delUser")  @ResponseBody  public Object delUser(HttpServletRequest request){    int uid=Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("uid"));    TblUser tblUser=tblUserDao.getUserById(uid);    tblUserDao.delUser(tblUser);    Map<String, Object> map=new HashMap<String, Object>();    map.put("success", "success");    return map;  }  //修改用户  @RequestMapping("updateUser")  @ResponseBody  public Object updateUser(HttpServletRequest request){    int uid=Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("uid"));    String uname=request.getParameter("uname");    String upass=request.getParameter("upass");    float money=Float.parseFloat(request.getParameter("money"));    TblUser tblUser=new TblUser();    tblUser.setMoney(money);    tblUser.setUid(uid);    tblUser.setUname(uname);    tblUser.setUpass(upass);    tblUserDao.updateUser(tblUser);    Map<String, Object> map=new HashMap<String, Object>();    map.put("success", "success");    return map;  }}

客户端:

拼接URL的类:

package com.mfc.urlutils;import java.util.Map;/** * 2017年7月6日06:42:10 * 一些URL需要使用的公用数据及方法 * */public class SomePublicData {  //公用path  public static final String path="http://192.168.0.111:8080/MyeclipseService/tblUserCtrl/";  //拼接path  public static String fullPath(String pathlast, Map<String, String> map) {    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();    String realPath = null;    if(map!=null && !map.isEmpty()){      //拼接url的参数部分      for (Map.Entry<String, String> entrty : map.entrySet()) {        builder.append(entrty.getKey()).append("=");        builder.append(entrty.getValue()).append("&");      }      builder.deleteCharAt(builder.length()-1);      //拼接最后完整的url      realPath = SomePublicData.path+pathlast+"?"+builder;      return realPath;    }    return SomePublicData.path+pathlast;  }}

访问服务器的类:

package com.mfc.urlutils;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams;import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;/** * 2017年7月6日06:55:26 * 将客户端数据传送到服务器,并接受服务器返回的数据 * */public class SendDateToServer {  public static String sendToServer(String path){    StringBuilder builder=new StringBuilder();    try {      HttpClient client=new DefaultHttpClient();      if(path != null && path.length() > 0){        if(client != null){          HttpParams httpParams=client.getParams();          if(httpParams != null){            HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams, 60000);            HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams, 60000);            HttpGet get=new HttpGet(path);            if(get != null){               HttpResponse httpResponse=client.execute(get);               if(httpResponse != null){                 HttpEntity entity=httpResponse.getEntity();                 if(entity != null){                   BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(entity.getContent()));                   String line = null;                   while((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){                     builder.append(String.format("%s/n", line));                   }                   bufferedReader.close();                 }               }            }          }        }      }    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {      e.printStackTrace();    } catch (IOException e) {      e.printStackTrace();    }    return builder.toString();  } }

解析json数据的类:

package com.mfc.jsonutils;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import org.json.JSONObject;import com.google.gson.Gson;import com.google.gson.JsonArray;import com.google.gson.JsonElement;import com.google.gson.JsonParser;import com.mfc.entity.TblUser;/** * 2017年7月6日07:15:32 * 解析json数据的类 * */public class GetJsonToEntity {  //解析单个数据  public static TblUser getTblUser(String jsonString){    Gson gson = new Gson();    TblUser tblUser = gson.fromJson(jsonString, TblUser.class);    return tblUser;  }  //解析list集合  public static List<TblUser> getTblUserList(String gsonString) {    List<TblUser> listusers=GsonUtil.parseJsonArrayWithGson(gsonString, TblUser.class);    return listusers;  }}/** * 2017年7月6日15:45:43 * 封装的json解析工具类,提供泛型参数 * */class GsonUtil{  //将json数据解析成相应的映射对象  public static <T> T parseJsonWithGson(String jsonData,Class<T> type){    Gson gson=new Gson();    T result = gson.fromJson(jsonData, type);    return result;  }  //将json数组解析成相应的映射对象列表  public static <T> List<T> parseJsonArrayWithGson(String jsonData,Class<T> type){    List<T> result = new ArrayList<T>();     try {       Gson gson = new Gson();       JSONObject jsonObject=new JSONObject(jsonData);      String string=jsonObject.getString("list");      JsonArray arry = new JsonParser().parse(string).getAsJsonArray();       for (JsonElement jsonElement : arry) {         result.add(gson.fromJson(jsonElement, type));       }     } catch (Exception e) {       e.printStackTrace();     }     return result;  }}

调用这些方法的Activity以及实体类省略。

二、使用JSONObject解析json数据

注意:服务端要添加json的jar包。

客户端解析json数据的代码:

 package com.mfc.jsonutils;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import org.json.JSONArray;import org.json.JSONException;import org.json.JSONObject;import com.mfc.entity.Task;/** * 2017年6月25日21:34:44 * 解析json的工具类 * 这里面所有方法的key,都是json一层数据的键,注意传数据时调用本类方法的时候给的key值 * */public class ParseJson {  //解析单条数据  public static Task getTask(String key,String json){    Task task=new Task();    try {      JSONObject jsonObject=new JSONObject(json);      JSONObject taskObject=jsonObject.getJSONObject(key);      task.setTid(taskObject.getInt("uid"));      task.setContent(taskObject.getString("content"));      task.setIssuccess(taskObject.getInt("issuccess"));      task.setTasktime(taskObject.getString("tasktime"));      task.setTitle(taskObject.getString("title"));      task.setUid(taskObject.getInt("uid"));    } catch (JSONException e) {      e.printStackTrace();    }    return task;  }  //解析list集合  public static List<Task> getListTask(String key,String jsonString){    List<Task> list=new ArrayList<Task>();    try {      JSONObject jsonObject=new JSONObject(jsonString);      //解析json数组      JSONArray array=jsonObject.getJSONArray(key);      for (int i = 0; i < array.length(); i++) {        JSONObject jsonObject2=array.getJSONObject(i);        Task task=new Task();        task.setTid(jsonObject2.getInt("uid"));        task.setContent(jsonObject2.getString("content"));        task.setIssuccess(jsonObject2.getInt("issuccess"));        task.setTasktime(jsonObject2.getString("tasktime"));        task.setTitle(jsonObject2.getString("title"));        task.setUid(jsonObject2.getInt("uid"));        list.add(task);      }    } catch (JSONException e) {      e.printStackTrace();    }    return list;  }  /**    * 获取String数组数据    * @param key    * @param jsonString    * @return    */   public static List<String> getList(String key,String jsonString){     List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();     try {       JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(jsonString);       JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray(key);       for(int i=0;i<jsonArray.length();i++){         String msg = jsonArray.getString(i);         list.add(msg);       }     } catch (JSONException e) {       e.printStackTrace();     }     return list;   }   /**    * 获取对象的Map集合数据    * @param key    * @param jsonString    * @return    */   public static List<Map<String,Object>> getListMap(String key,String jsonString){     List<Map<String,Object>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();     try {       JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(jsonString);       JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray(key);       for(int i=0;i<jsonArray.length();i++){         JSONObject jsonObject2 = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);         Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();         Iterator<String> iterator = jsonObject2.keys();         while(iterator.hasNext()){           String json_key = iterator.next();           Object json_value = jsonObject2.get(json_key);           if(json_value==null){             json_value = "";           }           map.put(json_key, json_value);         }         list.add(map);       }     } catch (JSONException e) {       // TODO Auto-generated catch block       e.printStackTrace();     }     return list;   } }

客户端接收服务端的数据方法:

package com.mfc.urlutils;import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.MalformedURLException;import java.net.URL;import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;import android.util.Log;public class HttpUtils {  static String TAG="HttpUtils";  /**   * 从服务器获取json数据   * */  public static String getJsonContent(String path){    String jsonString="";    try {      URL url=new URL(path);      HttpURLConnection connection=(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();      connection.setConnectTimeout(3000);      connection.setRequestMethod("GET");      connection.setDoInput(true);      int code=connection.getResponseCode();      if(code==200){        InputStream inputStream=connection.getInputStream();        ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream=new ByteArrayOutputStream();        int len=0;        byte[] data=new byte[1024];        while ((len=inputStream.read(data))!=-1) {          outputStream.write(data, 0, len);        }        jsonString=new String(outputStream.toByteArray());        Log.i(TAG, jsonString);      }    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {      e.printStackTrace();    } catch (IOException e) {      e.printStackTrace();    }    return jsonString;  }}

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持武林网。

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