关于Android加载状态视图切换，具体内容如下
1.关于Android界面切换状态的介绍
怎样切换界面状态？有些界面想定制自定义状态？状态如何添加点击事件？下面就为解决这些问题！
内容界面
加载数据中
加载数据错误
加载后没有数据
没有网络
2.思路转变，抽取分离类管理几种状态
以前做法：
直接把这些界面include到main界面中，然后动态去切换界面，后来发现这样处理不容易复用到其他项目中，而且在activity中处理这些状态的显示和隐藏比较乱
利用子类继承父类特性，在父类中写切换状态，但有些界面如果没有继承父类，又该如何处理
现在做法：
让View状态的切换和Activity彻底分离开，必须把这些状态View都封装到一个管理类中，然后暴露出几个方法来实现View之间的切换。
在不同的项目中可以需要的View也不一样，所以考虑把管理类设计成builder模式来自由的添加需要的状态View
3.关于该状态切换工具优点分析
可以自由切换内容，空数据，异常错误，加载，网络错误等5种状态
父类BaseActivity直接暴露5中状态，方便子类统一管理状态切换
/*** ================================================* 作 者：杨充* 版 本：1.0* 创建日期：2017/7/6* 描 述：抽取类* 修订历史：* ================================================*/public abstract class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity { protected StatusLayoutManager statusLayoutManager; @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_base_view); initStatusLayout(); initBaseView(); initToolBar(); initView(); } protected abstract void initStatusLayout(); protected abstract void initView(); /** * 获取到布局 */ private void initBaseView() { LinearLayout ll_main = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_main); ll_main.addView(statusLayoutManager.getRootLayout()); } //正常展示数据状态 protected void showContent() { statusLayoutManager.showContent(); } //加载数据为空时状态 protected void showEmptyData() { statusLayoutManager.showEmptyData(); } //加载数据错误时状态 protected void showError() { statusLayoutManager.showError(); } //网络错误时状态 protected void showNetWorkError() { statusLayoutManager.showNetWorkError(); } //正在加载中状态 protected void showLoading() { statusLayoutManager.showLoading(); }}当状态是加载数据失败时，点击可以刷新数据；当状态是无网络时，点击可以设置网络
/*** 点击重新刷新*/private void initErrorDataView() { statusLayoutManager.showError(); LinearLayout ll_error_data = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_error_data); ll_error_data.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { initData(); adapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); showContent(); } });}/*** 点击设置网络*/private void initSettingNetwork() { statusLayoutManager.showNetWorkError(); LinearLayout ll_set_network = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_set_network); ll_set_network.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { Intent intent = new Intent("android.settings.WIRELESS_SETTINGS"); startActivity(intent); } });}倘若有些页面想定制状态布局，也可以自由实现，很简单：
/*** 自定义加载数据为空时的状态布局*/private void initEmptyDataView() { statusLayoutManager.showEmptyData(); //此处是自己定义的状态布局 **statusLayoutManager.showLayoutEmptyData(R.layout.activity_emptydata);** LinearLayout ll_empty_data = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_empty_data); ll_empty_data.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { initData(); adapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); showContent(); } });}4.如何实现的步骤
1）.先看看状态管理器类【builder建造者模式】
loadingLayoutResId和contentLayoutResId代表等待加载和显示内容的xml文件
几种异常状态要用ViewStub，因为在界面状态切换中loading和内容View都是一直需要加载显示的，但是其他的3个只有在没数据或者网络异常的情况下才会加载显示，所以用ViewStub来加载他们可以提高性能。
public class StateLayoutManager { final Context context; final ViewStub netWorkErrorVs; final int netWorkErrorRetryViewId; final ViewStub emptyDataVs; final int emptyDataRetryViewId; final ViewStub errorVs; final int errorRetryViewId; final int loadingLayoutResId; final int contentLayoutResId; final int retryViewId; final int emptyDataIconImageId; final int emptyDataTextTipId; final int errorIconImageId; final int errorTextTipId; final VLayout errorLayout; final VLayout emptyDataLayout; final RootFrameLayout rootFrameLayout; final OnShowHideViewListener onShowHideViewListener; final OnRetryListener onRetryListener; public StateLayoutManager(Builder builder) { this.context = builder.context; this.loadingLayoutResId = builder.loadingLayoutResId; this.netWorkErrorVs = builder.netWorkErrorVs; this.netWorkErrorRetryViewId = builder.netWorkErrorRetryViewId; this.emptyDataVs = builder.emptyDataVs; this.emptyDataRetryViewId = builder.emptyDataRetryViewId; this.errorVs = builder.errorVs; this.errorRetryViewId = builder.errorRetryViewId; this.contentLayoutResId = builder.contentLayoutResId; this.onShowHideViewListener = builder.onShowHideViewListener; this.retryViewId = builder.retryViewId; this.onRetryListener = builder.onRetryListener; this.emptyDataIconImageId = builder.emptyDataIconImageId; this.emptyDataTextTipId = builder.emptyDataTextTipId; this.errorIconImageId = builder.errorIconImageId; this.errorTextTipId = builder.errorTextTipId; this.errorLayout = builder.errorLayout; this.emptyDataLayout = builder.emptyDataLayout; rootFrameLayout = new RootFrameLayout(this.context); ViewGroup.LayoutParams layoutParams = new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT); rootFrameLayout.setLayoutParams(layoutParams); rootFrameLayout.setStatusLayoutManager(this); } /** * 显示loading */ public void showLoading() { rootFrameLayout.showLoading(); } /** * 显示内容 */ public void showContent() { rootFrameLayout.showContent(); } /** * 显示空数据 */ public void showEmptyData(int iconImage, String textTip) { rootFrameLayout.showEmptyData(iconImage, textTip); } /** * 显示空数据 */ public void showEmptyData() { showEmptyData(0, ""); } /** * 显示空数据 */ public void showLayoutEmptyData(Object... objects) { rootFrameLayout.showLayoutEmptyData(objects); } /** * 显示网络异常 */ public void showNetWorkError() { rootFrameLayout.showNetWorkError(); } /** * 显示异常 */ public void showError(int iconImage, String textTip) { rootFrameLayout.showError(iconImage, textTip); } /** * 显示异常 */ public void showError() { showError(0, ""); } public void showLayoutError(Object... objects) { rootFrameLayout.showLayoutError(objects); } /** * 得到root 布局 */ public View getRootLayout() { return rootFrameLayout; } public static final class Builder { private Context context; private int loadingLayoutResId; private int contentLayoutResId; private ViewStub netWorkErrorVs; private int netWorkErrorRetryViewId; private ViewStub emptyDataVs; private int emptyDataRetryViewId; private ViewStub errorVs; private int errorRetryViewId; private int retryViewId; private int emptyDataIconImageId; private int emptyDataTextTipId; private int errorIconImageId; private int errorTextTipId; private VLayout errorLayout; private VLayout emptyDataLayout; private OnShowHideViewListener onShowHideViewListener; private OnRetryListener onRetryListener; public Builder(Context context) { this.context = context; } /** * 自定义加载布局 */ public Builder loadingView(@LayoutRes int loadingLayoutResId) { this.loadingLayoutResId = loadingLayoutResId; return this; } /** * 自定义网络错误布局 */ public Builder netWorkErrorView(@LayoutRes int newWorkErrorId) { netWorkErrorVs = new ViewStub(context); netWorkErrorVs.setLayoutResource(newWorkErrorId); return this; } /** * 自定义加载空数据布局 */ public Builder emptyDataView(@LayoutRes int noDataViewId) { emptyDataVs = new ViewStub(context); emptyDataVs.setLayoutResource(noDataViewId); return this; } /** * 自定义加载错误布局 */ public Builder errorView(@LayoutRes int errorViewId) { errorVs = new ViewStub(context); errorVs.setLayoutResource(errorViewId); return this; } /** * 自定义加载内容正常布局 */ public Builder contentView(@LayoutRes int contentLayoutResId) { this.contentLayoutResId = contentLayoutResId; return this; } public Builder errorLayout(VLayout errorLayout) { this.errorLayout = errorLayout; this.errorVs = errorLayout.getLayoutVs(); return this; } public Builder emptyDataLayout(VLayout emptyDataLayout) { this.emptyDataLayout = emptyDataLayout; this.emptyDataVs = emptyDataLayout.getLayoutVs(); return this; } public Builder netWorkErrorRetryViewId(int netWorkErrorRetryViewId) { this.netWorkErrorRetryViewId = netWorkErrorRetryViewId; return this; } public Builder emptyDataRetryViewId(int emptyDataRetryViewId) { this.emptyDataRetryViewId = emptyDataRetryViewId; return this; } public Builder errorRetryViewId(int errorRetryViewId) { this.errorRetryViewId = errorRetryViewId; return this; } public Builder retryViewId(int retryViewId) { this.retryViewId = retryViewId; return this; } public Builder emptyDataIconImageId(int emptyDataIconImageId) { this.emptyDataIconImageId = emptyDataIconImageId; return this; } public Builder emptyDataTextTipId(int emptyDataTextTipId) { this.emptyDataTextTipId = emptyDataTextTipId; return this; } public Builder errorIconImageId(int errorIconImageId) { this.errorIconImageId = errorIconImageId; return this; } public Builder errorTextTipId(int errorTextTipId) { this.errorTextTipId = errorTextTipId; return this; } public Builder onShowHideViewListener(OnShowHideViewListener onShowHideViewListener) { this.onShowHideViewListener = onShowHideViewListener; return this; } public Builder onRetryListener(OnRetryListener onRetryListener) { this.onRetryListener = onRetryListener; return this; } public StateLayoutManager build() { return new StateLayoutManager(this); } } public static Builder newBuilder(Context context) { return new Builder(context); }}2）.大约5种状态，如何管理这些状态？添加到集合中，Android中选用SparseArray比HashMap更省内存，在某些条件下性能更好，主要是因为它避免了对key的自动装箱（int转为Integer类型），它内部则是通过两个数组来进行数据存储的，一个存储key，另外一个存储value，为了优化性能，它内部对数据还采取了压缩的方式来表示稀疏数组的数据，从而节约内存空间
/**存放布局集合 */private SparseArray<View> layoutSparseArray = new SparseArray();
/**将布局添加到集合 */……private void addLayoutResId(@LayoutRes int layoutResId, int id) { View resView = LayoutInflater.from(mStatusLayoutManager.context).inflate(layoutResId, null); **layoutSparseArray.put(id, resView);** addView(resView);}3）.当显示某个布局时，调用的方法如下
方法里面通过id判断来执行不同的代码，首先判断ViewStub是否为空，如果为空就代表没有添加这个View就返回false，不为空就加载View并且添加到集合当中，然后调用showHideViewById方法显示隐藏View，retryLoad方法是给重试按钮添加事件
/*** 显示loading*/public void showLoading() { if (layoutSparseArray.get(LAYOUT_LOADING_ID) != null) **showHideViewById**(LAYOUT_LOADING_ID);}/*** 显示内容*/public void showContent() { if (layoutSparseArray.get(LAYOUT_CONTENT_ID) != null) **showHideViewById**(LAYOUT_CONTENT_ID);}/*** 显示空数据*/public void showEmptyData(int iconImage, String textTip) { if (**inflateLayout**(LAYOUT_EMPTYDATA_ID)) { showHideViewById(LAYOUT_EMPTYDATA_ID); emptyDataViewAddData(iconImage, textTip); }}/*** 显示网络异常*/public void showNetWorkError() { if (**inflateLayout**(LAYOUT_NETWORK_ERROR_ID)) showHideViewById(LAYOUT_NETWORK_ERROR_ID);}/*** 显示异常*/public void showError(int iconImage, String textTip) { if (**inflateLayout**(LAYOUT_ERROR_ID)) { showHideViewById(LAYOUT_ERROR_ID); errorViewAddData(iconImage, textTip); }}//调用inflateLayout方法，方法返回true然后调用showHideViewById方法private boolean inflateLayout(int id) { boolean isShow = true; if (layoutSparseArray.get(id) != null) return isShow; switch (id) { case LAYOUT_NETWORK_ERROR_ID: if (mStatusLayoutManager.netWorkErrorVs != null) { View view = mStatusLayoutManager.netWorkErrorVs.inflate(); retryLoad(view, mStatusLayoutManager.netWorkErrorRetryViewId); layoutSparseArray.put(id, view); isShow = true; } else { isShow = false; } break; case LAYOUT_ERROR_ID: if (mStatusLayoutManager.errorVs != null) { View view = mStatusLayoutManager.errorVs.inflate(); if (mStatusLayoutManager.errorLayout != null) mStatusLayoutManager.errorLayout.setView(view); retryLoad(view, mStatusLayoutManager.errorRetryViewId); layoutSparseArray.put(id, view); isShow = true; } else { isShow = false; } break; case LAYOUT_EMPTYDATA_ID: if (mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataVs != null) { View view = mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataVs.inflate(); if (mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataLayout != null) mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataLayout.setView(view); retryLoad(view, mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataRetryViewId); layoutSparseArray.put(id, view); isShow = true; } else { isShow = false; } break; } return isShow;}4）.然后在根据id隐藏布局
通过id找到需要显示的View并且显示它，隐藏其他View，如果显示隐藏监听事件不为空，就分别调用它的显示和隐藏方法
/*** 根据ID显示隐藏布局* @param id*/private void showHideViewById(int id) { for (int i = 0; i < layoutSparseArray.size(); i++) { int key = layoutSparseArray.keyAt(i); View valueView = layoutSparseArray.valueAt(i); //显示该view if(key == id) { valueView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); if(mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener != null) mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener.onShowView(valueView, key); } else { if(valueView.getVisibility() != View.GONE) { valueView.setVisibility(View.GONE); if(mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener != null) mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener.onHideView(valueView, key); } } }}5）.最后看看重新加载方法
/*** 重试加载*/private void retryLoad(View view, int id) { View retryView = view.findViewById(mStatusLayoutManager.retryViewId != 0 ? mStatusLayoutManager.retryViewId : id); if (retryView == null || mStatusLayoutManager.onRetryListener == null) return; retryView.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { mStatusLayoutManager.onRetryListener.onRetry(); } });}5.使用方法介绍
1）.直接在Activity中添加代码
@Overrideprotected void initStatusLayout() { statusLayoutManager = StateLayoutManager.newBuilder(this) .contentView(R.layout.activity_content_data) .emptyDataView(R.layout.activity_empty_data) .errorView(R.layout.activity_error_data) .loadingView(R.layout.activity_loading_data) .netWorkErrorView(R.layout.activity_networkerror) .onRetryListener(new OnRetryListener() { @Override public void onRetry() { //为重试加载按钮的监听事件 } }) .onShowHideViewListener(new OnShowHideViewListener() { @Override public void onShowView(View view, int id) { //为状态View显示监听事件 } @Override public void onHideView(View view, int id) { //为状态View隐藏监听事件 } }) .build();}2）.在父类中重写以下几个方法，子类直接继承就行
//正常展示数据状态protected void showContent() { statusLayoutManager.showContent();}//加载数据为空时状态protected void showEmptyData() { statusLayoutManager.showEmptyData();}//加载数据错误时状态protected void showError() { statusLayoutManager.showError();}//网络错误时状态protected void showNetWorkError() { statusLayoutManager.showNetWorkError();}//正在加载中状态protected void showLoading() { statusLayoutManager.showLoading();}3）.更加详细的介绍，可以直接参考Demo
https://github.com/yangchong211/YCStateLayout
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