UI--普通控件总结1--控件使用

• 0.UIView常用的属性和操作
  • 0_1.UIView常见的属性
  • 0_2.UIView状态
  • 0_3.UIView常用的方法
• 1.文本框UITextField和文本视图UITextView
  • 1_1.文本框UITextField(几乎包含了iOS控件的所有的通用属性)
  • 1_2.文本视图UITextView
  • 1_3.键盘输入的处理程序
• 2.标签UILabel和按钮UIButton
  • 2_1.标签UILabel
  • 2_2.按钮UIButton
• 3.滑块UISlider、步进UIStepper和图像UIImageView
  • 3_1.滑块UISlider
  • 3_2.步进UIStepper
  • 3_3.图像UIImageView
  • 3_4.图片浏览器
• 4.开关控件UISwitch和分段控件UISegmentedControl
  • 4_1.开关控件UISwitch
  • 4_2.分段控件UISegmentedControl
  • 4_3.图片排序
• 5.工具栏UIToolBar
  • 5_1.工具栏UIToolBar的使用
  • 5_2.UIBarButtonItem

0.UIView常用的属性和操作

这是ios-UI继承关系图

任何控件都继承自UIView，因此UIView里面包装了一些控件的共有属性和通过的方法。

0_1.UIView常见的属性

frame是一个CGRect类型的成员变量，用来设置控件要显示的位置frame.origin和尺寸frame.size,其中位置是在父控件中的位置,以父控件的左上角为原点。

如果要修改一个控件的frame不可以直接修改内部结构体的值，如frame.origin.x = 100;是不可以的，应该将其取出，修改之后，再重新赋值，看下面的例子：

// 1.先取出frameCGRect tempFrame = self.btn.frame;// 2.修改y值tempFrame.origin.y -= 50;// 3.重新赋值按钮的frameself.btn.frame = tempFrame;

bounds也是一个CGRect类型的成员变量，但是bounds.origin.x和bounds.origin.y始终为0；bounds.size.width和bounds.size.height的值分别等于frame.size.width和frame.size.height。

center是一个CGPoint类型的成员变量，表示控件的中点在父控件中的位置，以父控件的左上角为原点。

tag是NSInteger类型的成员变量，用于标识一个空间，以便操作这个控件，例如：当两个button都设置了同一个方法为点击的处理事件，可以设置两个按钮的tag为1和2，然后在方法中分别处理：

- (IBAction)btnClick:(id)sender{    switch ([sender tag])    {        case 1:            NSLog(@"点击了按钮1--");            break;        case 2:            NSLog(@"点击了按钮2--");            break;        default:            break;    }}

下面是一个让按钮可以向上、向下、向左、向右移动的例子，并为移动过程添加了动画

- (void) btnClickWithBlock:(void (^)())block{    // 0.动画(头部--开始动画)    [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];    // 设置动画的执行时间    [UIView setAnimationDuration:1.0];    block();    // 4.动画(尾部--提交动画--执行动画)    [UIView commitAnimations];    }#PRagma mark 控制按钮走动(上下左右)- (IBAction)run:(id)sender {    [self btnClickWithBlock:^{        // 1.先取出frame        CGRect tempFrame = self.btn.frame;                // 2.修改x,y值               switch ([sender tag]) {            case 1:                tempFrame.origin.y -= kDelta;                break;            case 2:                tempFrame.origin.x += kDelta;                break;            case 3:                tempFrame.origin.y += kDelta;                break;            case 4:                tempFrame.origin.x -= kDelta;                break;            default:                break;        }                // 3.重新赋值按钮的frame        self.btn.frame = tempFrame;}

如果使用center属性来移动位置，代码又简化了一点,因为center的值是可以直接修改的：(下面仅仅修改移动部分的代码)

#pragma mark 控制按钮走动(上下左右)- (IBAction)run:(id)sender {    [self btnClickWithBlock:^{        // 使用center的方案        CGPoint tempCenter = self.btn.center;        switch ([sender tag]) {            case 1:                tempCenter.y -= kDelta;                break;            case 2:                tempCenter.x += kDelta;                break;            case 3:                tempCenter.y += kDelta;                break;            case 4:                tempCenter.x -= kDelta;                break;            default:                break;        }        self.btn.center = tempCenter;    }];}

superview是UIView *类型的成员变量，它的值为当前控件的父控件

subviews是NSArray *类型的成员变量，它的值为当前控件的子控件组成的数组，在数组中的顺序与加入到当前控件的顺序一致。

transform是一个CGAffineTransform类型的成员变量，它是一个结构体类型，表示形变的参数（设置这个参数后,控件会按照这个参数进行形变，参数指定了变形后的终态），形变的类型有多种，包括旋转、放缩等，默认的值为CGAffineTransformIdentity。下面是一些该属性的使用示例，为了使用动画，用到了前面的btnClickWithBlock:方法

- (IBAction)leftRotate:(id)sender {    // 弧度制 角度 以顺时针为正向，负数为左旋转        [self btnClickWithBlock:^{        self.btn.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(self.btn.transform, -M_PI_4);// 向左旋转45度 这个函数的第一个参数为形变初态，第二个参数指定了终态 注意和下面的区别        // self.btn.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(-M_PI_4);// 控件内部会记录形变初态，若执行一次这句代码会旋转一次，若再次执行不会再旋转，因为旋转一次后已经和指定的终态相同。而上面的代码，会将上次旋转后的状态设置为本次旋转的初态，因而每次执行都会旋转    }];}#pragma mark - 放大- (IBAction)big:(id)sender {        [self btnClickWithBlock:^{        self.btn.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(self.btn.transform, 1.2, 1.2);// 宽和高放大为1.2倍    }];}#pragma mark - 重置为默认的状态- (IBAction)reset:(id)sender {    [self btnClickWithBlock:^{        self.btn.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;    }];}

0_2.UIView状态

UIView有不同的状态：以按钮UIButton为例就有这样几种状态：默认Default，高亮Highlighted，选中Selected，不可用Disabled。不同的状态下有相同的属性，例如上面提到的几种属性，在编码时千万注意不可将不同的状态下的属性混用了。UIView通常包含上面四中状态，很多人对高亮状态和选中状态不易区分：高亮Highlighted是正在选择时（触摸到时，或者长按时）的状态，而选中Selected则是点选后的状态,官方有下面的解释：

UIControlStateHighlightedHighlighted state of a control. A control enters this state when a touch enters and exits during tracking and when there is a touch up event. You can retrieve and set this value through the highlighted property.Available in iOS 2.0 and later.Declared in UIControl.h.UIControlStateSelectedSelected state of a control. For many controls, this state has no effect on behavior or appearance. But other subclasses (for example, the UISegmentedControl class) may have different appearance depending on their selected state. You can retrieve and set this value through the selected property.Available in iOS 2.0 and later.Declared in UIControl.h.

0_3.UIView常用的方法

这部分将使用代码创建一些控件的方式展示一些UIView的常用方法。首先要明确一点代码应该添加到什么地方，通常控制器负责界面的初始化，控制器首先会加载storyboard中的界面然后执行viewDidLoad方法，因此可以在viewDidLoad方法中添加一些其他的控件

@implementation ViewController#pragma mark 控制器的view加载完毕的时候会调用一次- (void)viewDidLoad{    [super viewDidLoad];        // 1. 创建一个按钮    // 1.1创建    UIButton *btn = [[UIButton alloc] init];    // 1.2设置按钮的尺寸和位置    btn.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100);    // 1.3设置按钮的普通状态下的属性    // 1.3.1设置背景图片    UIImage *normal = [UIImage imageNamed:@"btn_01.png"];    [btn setBackgroundImage:normal forState:UIControlStateNormal];    // 1.3.2 设置文字    [btn setTitle:@"normal" forState:UIControlStateNormal];    // 1.3.3 设置文字颜色    [btn setTitleColor:[UIColor greenColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];            // 1.4设置按钮的高亮状态下的属性    // 1.4.1设置背景图片    UIImage *high = [UIImage imageNamed:@"btn_02.png"];    [btn setBackgroundImage:high forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];    // 1.4.2 设置文字    [btn setTitle:@"highlighted" forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];    // 1.4.3 设置文字颜色    [btn setTitleColor:[UIColor redColor] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];            // 1.5 监听按钮点击        [btn addTarget:self action:@selector(btnClick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];        // 2.添加按钮到控制器的view中    [self.view addSubview:btn];        // 3.添加文本输入框    UITextField *txtField = [[UITextField alloc] init];    txtField.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];    txtField.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100);    txtField.center = CGPointMake(self.view.frame.size.width * 0.5, self.view.frame.size.height * 0.5);//    txtField.center  = self.view.center; // 这种方法不行**************为什么    // 设置字体    txtField.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:30];        [self.view addSubview:txtField];    }#pragma mark 监听按钮点击- (void)btnClick:(id)sender{    NSLog(@"按钮%p被点击", sender);}@end

在写上面的例子的时候，发现txtField.center = self.view.center;这句代码并不能使txtField居中，进行如下的测试

NSLog(@"%f,%f", self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height);NSLog(@"%f,%f", self.view.center.x, self.view.center.y);

2015-02-13 17:44:13.135 02-代码创建按钮[1674:907] 320.000000,460.0000002015-02-13 17:44:13.136 02-代码创建按钮[1674:907] 160.000000,250.000000

center是代表当前控件的中点在父控件中的位置，仔细思考后推测应该是这个原因:手机屏幕最上方电池电量一栏占用了20高度，而self.view的父控件是整个手机屏幕，于是会有上面的输出结果，于是我继续添加一个scrollView到storyboard,调整尺寸为320*460并且刚好占满view，于是再进行测试:

NSLog(@"%f,%f", self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height);NSLog(@"%f,%f", self.view.center.x, self.view.center.y);NSLog(@"%f,%f", self.scroll.center.x, self.scroll.center.y);

这次的结果为：

2015-02-13 18:03:20.151 02-代码创建按钮[1777:907] 320.000000,460.0000002015-02-13 18:03:20.152 02-代码创建按钮[1777:907] 160.000000,250.0000002015-02-13 18:03:20.152 02-代码创建按钮[1777:907] 160.000000,230.000000

但是当我要用

NSLog(@"%f,%f", self.view.superview.frame.size.width, self.view.superview.frame.size.height);

输出self.view父控件的宽高时，其结果竟然是0和0,虽然无法通过代码得出self.view父控件的宽高,但是已经有了如下的结论:

1.self.view父控件的宽高为：320*480, 其center属性为x=160,y=250,占去的高度20为电池电量栏高度

2.一定注意center属性是当前控件中心在父控件中的位置

回过神来，继续说说UIView的常用方法，在刚才的示例程序中，有几个方法要着重说明一下：

1.在设置控件的背景颜色、文字、和文字颜色的时候需要传递控件状态的参数，表示该状态下的背景颜色、文字和文字颜色。

2.要为控件添加事件处理的方法

- (void)addTarget:(id)target action:(SEL)action forControlEvents:(UIControlEvents)controlEvents;

action参数是事件的处理方法名；target参数是已经实现了action方法的类的实例；参数forControlEvents为事件名称。

1.文本框UITextField和文本视图UITextView

1_1.文本框UITextField

  在iOS应用中，文本框UITextField是一种常见的信息输入控件，类似于Web表单中的表单字段。当在文本框中输入数据时，可以使用各种iOS键盘将其输入限制为数字或者文本。和按钮一样，文本框也能相应事件，但是通常将其实现为被动（passive）界面元素，这意味着视图控制器可随时通过text属性读取其内容。

UITextField控件的常用属性(几乎包含了iOS控件的所有的通用属性)如下：

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UITextBorderStyle) {    UITextBorderStyleNone,  // 无样式    UITextBorderStyleLine, // 直线    UITextBorderStyleBezel, // 上边框和左边框加重    UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect // 圆角};

分别使用每个UITextBorderStyle样式创建4个控件：

- (void)viewDidLoad{    [super viewDidLoad];        UITextField *textField1 = [[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 30, 200, 40)];    textField1.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleNone;        UITextField *textField2 = [[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 80, 200, 40)];    textField2.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleLine;        UITextField *textField3 = [[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 130, 200, 40)];    textField3.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleBezel;        UITextField *textField4 = [[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 180, 200, 40)];    textField4.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect;        [self.view addSubview:textField1];    [self.view addSubview:textField2];    [self.view addSubview:textField3];    [self.view addSubview:textField4];}

演示效果如下：

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSTextAlignment) {    NSTextAlignmentLeft      = 0,    // Visually left aligned#if TARGET_OS_ipHONE    NSTextAlignmentCenter    = 1,    // Visually centered    NSTextAlignmentRight     = 2,    // Visually right aligned#else /* !TARGET_OS_IPHONE */    NSTextAlignmentRight     = 1,    // Visually right aligned    NSTextAlignmentCenter    = 2,    // Visually centered#endif    NSTextAlignmentJustified = 3,    // Fully-justified. The last line in a paragraph is natural-aligned.    NSTextAlignmentNatural   = 4,    // Indicates the default alignment for script} NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);

可以看到这是一个iOS和mac开发的通用属性，枚举字面量相同但是值不同。

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIControlContentHorizontalAlignment) {    UIControlContentHorizontalAlignmentCenter = 0,    UIControlContentHorizontalAlignmentLeft   = 1,    UIControlContentHorizontalAlignmentRight  = 2,    UIControlContentHorizontalAlignmentFill   = 3,};

• ∆ UITextFieldViewModeAlways:不为空，一直都显示清空按钮；
• ∆ UITextFieldViewModeNever:不显示清空按钮；
• ∆ UITextFieldViewModeWhileEditing:不为空，且在编辑状态时(即获得焦点)显示清空按钮；
• ∆ UITextFieldViewModeUnlessEditing:不为空，不在编辑状态时，显示清空按钮；

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UITextAutocorrectionType) {    UITextAutocorrectionTypeDefault,    UITextAutocorrectionTypeNo,    UITextAutocorrectionTypeYes,};

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIKeyboardType) {    UIKeyboardTypeDefault,                // Default type for the current input method.    UIKeyboardTypeASCIICapable,           // Displays a keyboard which can enter ASCII characters, non-ASCII keyboards remain active    UIKeyboardTypeNumbersAndPunctuation,  // Numbers and assorted punctuation.    UIKeyboardTypeURL,                    // A type optimized for URL entry (shows . / .com prominently).    UIKeyboardTypeNumberPad,              // A number pad (0-9). Suitable for PIN entry.    UIKeyboardTypePhonePad,               // A phone pad (1-9, *, 0, #, with letters under the numbers).    UIKeyboardTypeNamePhonePad,           // A type optimized for entering a person's name or phone number.    UIKeyboardTypeEmailAddress,           // A type optimized for multiple email address entry (shows space @ . prominently).#if __IPHONE_4_1 <= __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED    UIKeyboardTypeDecimalPad,             // A number pad with a decimal point.#endif#if __IPHONE_5_0 <= __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED    UIKeyboardTypeTwitter,                // A type optimized for twitter text entry (easy access to @ #)#endif    UIKeyboardTypeAlphabet = UIKeyboardTypeASCIICapable, // Deprecated};

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UITextAutocapitalizationType) {    UITextAutocapitalizationTypeNone, // 不大写    UITextAutocapitalizationTypeWords, // 单词首字母大写    UITextAutocapitalizationTypeSentences, // 句子首字母大写    UITextAutocapitalizationTypeAllCharacters, // 所有字母大写};

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIReturnKeyType) {    UIReturnKeyDefault, // 默认 灰色按钮，标有Return    UIReturnKeyGo,      // 标有Go的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeyGoogle,  // 标有Google的蓝色按钮，用于搜索    UIReturnKeyJoin,    // 标有Join的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeyNext,    // 标有Next的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeyRoute,   // 标有Route的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeySearch,  // 标有Search的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeySend,    // 标有Send的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeyYahoo,   // 标有Yahoo的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeyDone,    // 标有Done的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeyEmergencyCall, // 紧急呼叫按钮};

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIKeyboardAppearance) {    UIKeyboardAppearanceDefault,     // Default apperance for the current input method. 默认外观，浅灰色    UIKeyboardAppearanceAlert       // Appearance suitable for use in "alert" scenarios. 深灰 石墨色};

@protocol UITextViewDelegate <NSObject, UIScrollViewDelegate>@optional- (BOOL)textViewShouldBeginEditing:(UITextView *)textView;- (BOOL)textViewShouldEndEditing:(UITextView *)textView;- (void)textViewDidBeginEditing:(UITextView *)textView;- (void)textViewDidEndEditing:(UITextView *)textView;- (BOOL)textView:(UITextView *)textView shouldChangeTextInRange:(NSRange)range replacementText:(NSString *)text;- (void)textViewDidChange:(UITextView *)textView;- (void)textViewDidChangeSelection:(UITextView *)textView;@end

UIImageView *image=[[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"010.png"]];textField.rightView=image;textField.rightViewMode = UITextFieldViewModeAlways;[self.view addSubview:textField];

UITextField控件的常用方法

UITextField的类/对象方法

UITextField的常用方法主要是重写绘制行为的一些方法，除了UITextField对象的风格选项，你还可以定制化UITextField对象，为他添加许多不同的重写方法，来改变文本字段的显示行为。这些方法都会返回一个CGRect结构，制定了文本字段每个部件的边界范围。以下方法都可以重写。

// drawing and positioning overrides- (CGRect)borderRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;   // 重写来重置边缘区域- (CGRect)textRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;    // 重写来重置文字区域- (CGRect)placeholderRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;  // 重写来重置占位符区域- (CGRect)editingRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;    // 重写来重置编辑区域- (CGRect)clearButtonRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;    // 重写来重置clearButton位置,改变size可能导致button的图片失真- (CGRect)leftViewRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;- (CGRect)rightViewRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;- (void)drawTextInRect:(CGRect)rect;    // 改变绘文字属性.重写时调用super可以按默认图形属性绘制,若自己完全重写绘制函数，就不用调用super了.- (void)drawPlaceholderInRect:(CGRect)rect;    // 重写改变绘制占位符属性.重写时调用super可以按默认图形属性绘制,若自己完全重写绘制函数，就不用调用super了.

UITextField的委托方法

@protocol UITextFieldDelegate @optional- (BOOL)textFieldShouldBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textField;        // return NO to disallow editing.- (void)textFieldDidBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textField;           // became first responder- (BOOL)textFieldShouldEndEditing:(UITextField *)textField;          // return YES to allow editing to stop and to resign first responder status. NO to disallow the editing session to end- (void)textFieldDidEndEditing:(UITextField *)textField;             // may be called if forced even if shouldEndEditing returns NO (e.g. view removed from window) or endEditing:YES called- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range replacementString:(NSString *)string;   // return NO to not change text- (BOOL)textFieldShouldClear:(UITextField *)textField;               // called when clear button pressed. return NO to ignore (no notifications)- (BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField;              // called when 'return' key pressed. return NO to ignore.@end

UITextField支持的事件

UITextField派生自UIControl，所以UIControl类中的通知系统在文本字段中也可以使用。 除了UIControl类的标准事件，还可以使用下列UITextField类特有的事件

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UITextFieldTextDidBeginEditingNotification;UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UITextFieldTextDidEndEditingNotification;UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UITextFieldTextDidChangeNotification;

当文本字段退出编辑模式时触发。通知的object属性存储了最终文本。 因为文本字段要使用键盘输入文字，所以下面这些事件发生时，也会发送动作通知

UIKeyboardWillShowNotification   //键盘显示之前发送UIKeyboardDidShowNotification    //键盘显示之后发送UIKeyboardWillHideNotification   //键盘隐藏之前发送UIKeyboardDidHideNotification    //键盘隐藏之后发送

1_2.文本视图UITextView

UITextView常用的属性

typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, UIDataDetectorTypes) {    UIDataDetectorTypePhoneNumber   = 1 << 0,          // Phone number detection    UIDataDetectorTypeLink          = 1 << 1,          // URL detection    #if __IPHONE_4_0 <= __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED    UIDataDetectorTypeAddress       = 1 << 2,          // Street address detection    UIDataDetectorTypeCalendarEvent = 1 << 3,          // Event detection#endif        UIDataDetectorTypeNone          = 0,               // No detection at all    UIDataDetectorTypeAll           = NSUIntegerMax    // All types};

UITextView常用的方法

UITextView的类/对象方法

- (BOOL)hasText;- (void)scrollRangeToVisible:(NSRange)range;

UITextView的委托方法

UITextView委托遵守了UITextViewDelegate协议，UITextViewDelegate协议又遵守了UIScrollViewDelegate协议，它具有以下方法：

@protocol UITextViewDelegate <NSObject, UIScrollViewDelegate>@optional- (BOOL)textViewShouldBeginEditing:(UITextView *)textView;- (BOOL)textViewShouldEndEditing:(UITextView *)textView;- (void)textViewDidBeginEditing:(UITextView *)textView;- (void)textViewDidEndEditing:(UITextView *)textView;- (BOOL)textView:(UITextView *)textView shouldChangeTextInRange:(NSRange)range replacementText:(NSString *)text;- (void)textViewDidChange:(UITextView *)textView;- (void)textViewDidChangeSelection:(UITextView *)textView;@end

UITextView支持的事件

1_3.键盘输入的处理程序

2.标签UILabel和按钮UIButton

2_1.标签UILabel

UILabel常见的属性

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSLineBreakMode) {       /* What to do with long lines */    NSLineBreakByWordWrapping = 0,      /* 单词为显示单位显示，后面部分省略不显示。 */    NSLineBreakByCharWrapping,      /* 以字符为显示单位显示，后面部分省略不显示。 */    NSLineBreakByClipping,      /* 剪切与文本宽度相同的内容长度，后半部分被删除。*/    NSLineBreakByTruncatingHead,    /* 前面部分文字以……方式省略，显示尾部文字内容。 */    NSLineBreakByTruncatingTail,    /* 结尾部分的内容以……方式省略，显示头的文字内容。 */    NSLineBreakByTruncatingMiddle   /* 中间的内容以……方式省略，显示头尾的文字内容 */} NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);

// default is NO, adjust letter spacing to make text fit. Note: setting this property to YES will cause the value of -[NSParagraphStyle tighteningFactorForTruncation] to be disgregarded.

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIBaselineAdjustment) {    UIBaselineAdjustmentAlignBaselines = 0, // 默认值文本最上端于label中线对齐    UIBaselineAdjustmentAlignCenters,    // 文本中线于label中线对齐    UIBaselineAdjustmentNone,    // 文本最低端与label中线对齐};

- (void)layoutSubViews{    [super layoutSubViews];    self.label.preferredMaxLayoutWidth = self.label.bounds.size.width;}

UILabel常用的方法

UILabel的类/对象方法

- (CGRect)textRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds limitedToNumberOfLines:(NSInteger)numberOfLines; // 计算numberOfLines行后的Label的Frame- (void)drawTextInRect:(CGRect)rect; //改变绘文字属性.重写时调用super可以按默认图形属性绘制,若自己完全重写绘制函数，就不用调用super了.

UILabel的委托方法(不存在delegate属性,无委托方法)

UILabel不存在delegate属性,无委托方法。

UILabel支持的事件

UILabel开发中常见的功能

UILabel 多行文字自动换行 （自动折行）

UIView *footerView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10, 100, 300, 180)];   UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10, 100, 300, 150)];   label.text = @"where are you? where are you? where are you? where are you? where are you? where are you? where are you? where are you? where are you? where are you?";   //清空背景颜色   label.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];   //设置字体颜色为白色   label.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor];   //文字居中显示   label.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentCenter;   //自动折行设置   label.lineBreakMode = UILineBreakModeWordWrap;   label.numberOfLines = 0;

2_2.按钮UIButton

UIButton的常见属性

typedef struct UIEdgeInsets {    CGFloat top, left, bottom, right;  // specify amount to inset (positive) for each of the edges. values can be negative to 'outset'} UIEdgeInsets;

UIButton常用的方法

UIButton的类/对象方法

+ (id)buttonWithType:(UIButtonType)buttonType;

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIButtonType) {    UIButtonTypeCustom = 0,           // no button type    UIButtonTypeRoundedRect,          // rounded rect, flat white button, like in address card    UIButtonTypeDetailDisclosure,   // 一个详细披露按钮    UIButtonTypeInfoLight,  // 浅色背景的信息按钮    UIButtonTypeInfoDark,   // 黑暗背景的信息按钮    UIButtonTypeContactAdd, // 一个联系人添加“按钮};

- (void)setTitle:(NSString *)title forState:(UIControlState)state;   // default is nil. title is assumed to be single line- (void)setTitleColor:(UIColor *)color forState:(UIControlState)state;   // default if nil. use opaque white- (void)setTitleShadowColor:(UIColor *)color forState:(UIControlState)state;   // default is nil. use 50% black- (void)setImage:(UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state;   // default is nil. should be same size if different for different states- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state;   // default is nil- (void)setAttributedTitle:(NSAttributedString *)title forState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);   // default is nil. title is assumed to be single line

- (NSString *)titleForState:(UIControlState)state;          // these getters only take a single state value- (UIColor *)titleColorForState:(UIControlState)state;- (UIColor *)titleShadowColorForState:(UIControlState)state;- (UIImage *)imageForState:(UIControlState)state;- (UIImage *)backgroundImageForState:(UIControlState)state;- (NSAttributedString *)attributedTitleForState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);

- (CGRect)backgroundRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds; // 指定背景边界  - (CGRect)contentRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds; // 指定内容边界- (CGRect)titleRectForContentRect:(CGRect)contentRect; // 指定文字标题边界- (CGRect)imageRectForContentRect:(CGRect)contentRect; // 指定按钮图像边界

UIButton的委托方法(UIButton没有delegate属性，无委托方法)

UIButton没有delegate属性，无委托方法

UIButton支持的事件

除了UIControl中继承的事件，无其他事件。

UIButton在开发中常见的功能

3.滑块UISlider、步进UIStepper和图像UIImageView

3_1.滑块UISlider

UISlider的常见属性

UISlider的常用方法

UISlider的类/对象方法

setter:

- (void)setValue:(float)value animated:(BOOL)animated; // move slider at fixed velocity (i.e. duration depends on distance). does not send action// set the images for the slider. there are 3, the thumb which is centered by default and the track. You can specify different left and right track// e.g blue on the left as you increase and white to the right of the thumb. The track images should be 3 part resizable (via UIImage's resizableImage methods) along the direction that is longer- (void)setThumbImage:(UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state;- (void)setMinimumTrackImage:(UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state;- (void)setMaximumTrackImage:(UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state;

getter:

- (UIImage *)thumbImageForState:(UIControlState)state;- (UIImage *)minimumTrackImageForState:(UIControlState)state;- (UIImage *)maximumTrackImageForState:(UIControlState)state;

重写绘图行为：

// lets a subclass lay out the track and thumb as needed- (CGRect)minimumValueImageRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;- (CGRect)maximumValueImageRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;- (CGRect)trackRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;- (CGRect)thumbRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds trackRect:(CGRect)rect value:(float)value;

UISlider的委托方法(UISlider没有delegate属性，无委托方法)

UISlider没有delegate属性，无委托方法

UISlider支持的事件

3_2.步进UIStepper

UIStepper的常见属性

UIStepper的常用方法

UIStepper的类/对象方法

setter and getter:

// a background image which will be 3-way stretched over the whole of the control. Each half of the stepper will paint the image appropriate for its state- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage*)image forState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;- (UIImage*)backgroundImageForState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;// an image which will be painted in between the two stepper segments. The image is selected depending both segments' state- (void)setDividerImage:(UIImage*)image forLeftSegmentState:(UIControlState)leftState rightSegmentState:(UIControlState)rightState NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;- (UIImage*)dividerImageForLeftSegmentState:(UIControlState)state rightSegmentState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;// the glyph image for the plus/increase button- (void)setIncrementImage:(UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;- (UIImage *)incrementImageForState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;// the glyph image for the minus/decrease button- (void)setDecrementImage:(UIImage *)image forState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;- (UIImage *)decrementImageForState:(UIControlState)state NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

UIStepper委托方法(UIStepper没有delegate属性，无委托方法)

UIStepper支持的事件

3_3.图像UIImageView

UIImageView的常见属性

UIImageView的常用方法

UIImageView的类/对象方法

- (id)initWithImage:(UIImage *)image;- (id)initWithImage:(UIImage *)image highlightedImage:(UIImage *)highlightedImage NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0);

- (void)startAnimating;- (void)stopAnimating;- (BOOL)isAnimating;

UIImageView的委托方法(UIImageView没有delegate属性，无委托方法)

UIImageView支持的事件

UIImageView开发中常用的功能

将图片数组按照顺序播放形成序列帧动画

NSArray *magesArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:              [UIImage imageNamed:@"image1.png"],              [UIImage imageNamed:@"image2.png"],              [UIImage imageNamed:@"image3.png"],              [UIImage imageNamed:@"image4.png"],              [UIImage imageNamed:@"image5.png"],nil];UIImageView *animationImageView = [UIImageView alloc]init];[animationImageView initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 131, 125)];animationImageView.animationImages = imagesArray;//将序列帧数组赋给UIImageView的animationImages属性animationImageView.animationDuration = 0.25;//设置动画时间animationImageView.animationRepeatCount = 0;//设置动画次数 0 表示无限[animationImageView startAnimating];//开始播放动画

3_4.图片浏览器

当滑动滑动时图片会变化，在图集中的顺序(5/10)也相应的变化.过程如下：

首先向storyboard的view中添加一个UIlabel控件、一个UIImageView控件、一个UISlider控件并调整好位置。
然后将三个空间connect为ViewController的三个属性：lbl、imgView和slider.为UISlider控件connect方法sliderChange

在ViewController.h中

@interface ViewController : UIViewController@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *lbl;@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *imgView;@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UISlider *slider;- (IBAction)sliderChange;@end

在ViewController.m中

#import "ViewController.h"@implementation ViewController- (void)viewDidLoad{    [super viewDidLoad];    _slider.minimumValue = 1;    _slider.maximumValue = 10;    }- (IBAction)sliderChange{    int curIndex = (int)_slider.value;    _lbl.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d/10", curIndex];    _imgView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02d.png", curIndex]]; // 图片序列为01.png 02.png......10.png}@end

4.开关控件UISwitch和分段控件UISegmentedControl

4_1.开关控件UISwitch

.....

UISwitch的常见属性

UISwitch的常用方法

UISwitch的类/对象方法

构造方法:

- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame; 

其他方法:

- (void)setOn:(BOOL)on animated:(BOOL)animated; // does not send action 设置ON/OFF状态

UISwitch的委托方法(UISwitch没有delegate属性，无委托方法)

UISwitch支持的事件

事件来自UIControl，常用的事件为UIControlEventValueChanged。

UISwitch在开发中常用的功能

4_2.分段控件UISegmentedControl

UISegmentedControl常见的属性/span>

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UISegmentedControlStyle) {    UISegmentedControlStylePlain,     // large plain    UISegmentedControlStyleBordered,  // large bordered    UISegmentedControlStyleBar,       // small button/nav bar style. tintable    UISegmentedControlStyleBezeled,   // DEPRECATED. Do not use this style.};

UISegmentedControl常用的方法

UISegmentedControl的类/对象方法

构造方法：

- (id)initWithItems:(NSArray *)items; // items can be NSStrings or UIImages. control is automatically sized to fit content

功能方法：

- (void)insertSegmentWithTitle:(NSString *)title atIndex:(NSUInteger)segment animated:(BOOL)animated; // insert before segment number. 0..#segments. value pinned- (void)insertSegmentWithImage:(UIImage *)image  atIndex:(NSUInteger)segment animated:(BOOL)animated;- (void)removeSegmentAtIndex:(NSUInteger)segment animated:(BOOL)animated;- (void)removeAllSegments;

setter和getter：

- (void)setTitle:(NSString *)title forSegmentAtIndex:(NSUInteger)segment; // default is nil- (NSString *)titleForSegmentAtIndex:(NSUInteger)segment;- (void)setImage:(UIImage *)image forSegmentAtIndex:(NSUInteger)segment; // default is nil- (UIImage *)imageForSegmentAtIndex:(NSUInteger)segment;- (void)setWidth:(CGFloat)width forSegmentAtIndex:(NSUInteger)segment; // set to 0.0 width to autosize. default is 0.0- (CGFloat)widthForSegmentAtIndex:(NSUInteger)segment;- (void)setContentOffset:(CGSize)offset forSegmentAtIndex:(NSUInteger)segment; // adjust offset of image or text.default is (0,0)- (CGSize)contentOffsetForSegmentAtIndex:(NSUInteger)segment;- (void)setEnabled:(BOOL)enabled forSegmentAtIndex:(NSUInteger)segment; // default is YES- (BOOL)isEnabledForSegmentAtIndex:(NSUInteger)segment;- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forState:(UIControlState)state barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics; - (UIImage *)backgroundImageForState:(UIControlState)state barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics;- (void)setDividerImage:(UIImage *)dividerImage forLeftSegmentState:(UIControlState)leftState rightSegmentState:(UIControlState)rightState barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics;- (UIImage *)dividerImageForLeftSegmentState:(UIControlState)leftState rightSegmentState:(UIControlState)rightState barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics;- (void)setTitleTextAttributes:(NSDictionary *)attributes forState:(UIControlState)state;- (NSDictionary *)titleTextAttributesForState:(UIControlState)state;- (void)setContentPositionAdjustment:(UIOffset)adjustment forSegmentType:(UISegmentedControlSegment)leftCenterRightOrAlone barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics; - (UIOffset)contentPositionAdjustmentForSegmentType:(UISegmentedControlSegment)leftCenterRightOrAlone barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics;

UISegmentedControl的委托方法(UISegmentControl没有delegate属性，无委托方法)

UISegmentedControl支持的事件

4_3.图片排序

#import "ViewController.h"#define kImgW 60#define kImgH 60@implementation ViewController- (void)viewDidLoad{    [super viewDidLoad];        [self adjustImagePosWithColumns:2 initFlag:YES]; // 界面初始化}#pragma mark Method:点击了segment 更改图片的列数- (IBAction)indexChange:(UISegmentedControl *)sender {    int columns = sender.selectedSegmentIndex + 2;    [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];    [self adjustImagePosWithColumns:columns initFlag:NO]; // 调整图片的排列位置    [UIView commitAnimations];}#pragma mark Method:调整位置- (void) adjustImagePosWithColumns:(int)columns initFlag:(BOOL)initFlag{    // 1. 定义列数和间距    // 每个图片之间的间距 = （控制器view的宽度 - 列数 * 表情的宽度) / (列数 + 1)    CGFloat margin = (self.view.frame.size.width - columns * kImgW) / (columns + 1);        // 2.定义第一个图片的位置    // 第一个图片的Y值    CGFloat oneY = 100;    // 第一个图片的X值    CGFloat oneX = margin;        // 3.调整所有的图片    for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)    {        // 取出i位置的ImageView        int row = i / columns;        int col = i % columns;                CGFloat x = oneX + (kImgH + margin) * col; // 新的x        CGFloat y = oneY + (kImgH + margin) * row; // 新的y                if (initFlag){ // 如果是initFlag == YES 则进行界面的初始化，将所有的图片添加到view            [self addImage:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"01%d.gif", i] x:x y:y];        }else{ // initFlag == NO 进行调整位置、重新排列            UIView *child = self.view.subviews[i+1]; // i+1 去掉第一个控件UISegmentedControl            CGRect tempFrame = child.frame;            tempFrame.origin.x = x;            tempFrame.origin.y = y;            child.frame = tempFrame;        }    }}#pragma mark Method:添加图片- (void)addImage:(NSString *)icon x:(CGFloat)x y:(CGFloat)y{    UIImageView *img = [[UIImageView alloc] init];    img.image = [UIImage imageNamed:icon];    img.frame = CGRectMake(x, y, kImgW, kImgH);    [self.view addSubview:img];}@end

5.工具栏UIToolBar

5_1.工具栏UIToolBar的使用

UIToolBar的常见属性

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIBarStyle) {    UIBarStyleDefault          = 0,    UIBarStyleBlack            = 1,        UIBarStyleBlackOpaque      = 1, // Deprecated. Use UIBarStyleBlack    UIBarStyleBlackTranslucent = 2, // Deprecated. Use UIBarStyleBlack and set the translucent property to YES};

UIToolBar的常用方法

UIToolBar的类/对象方法

setter和getter

- (void)setItems:(NSArray *)items animated:(BOOL)animated;- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forToolbarPosition:(UIToolbarPosition)topOrBottom barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;- (UIImage *)backgroundImageForToolbarPosition:(UIToolbarPosition)topOrBottom barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;- (void)setShadowImage:(UIImage *)shadowImage forToolbarPosition:(UIToolbarPosition)topOrBottom NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;- (UIImage *)shadowImageForToolbarPosition:(UIToolbarPosition)topOrBottom NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

UIToolBar的委托方法(UIToolBar没有delegate属性，无委托方法)

UIToolBar支持的事件(UIToolBar事件依赖于它的内部控件BarButtonItem，它自己不支持任何事件)

5_2.UIBarButtonItem

UIBarButtonItem的常见属性

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIBarButtonItemStyle) {    UIBarButtonItemStylePlain,    //  显示为纯文本 但是shows glow when pressed    UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered,  // 默认样式    UIBarButtonItemStyleDone,  // 深蓝色的选中颜色};

UIBarButtonItem的常用方法

UIBarButtonItem的类/对象方法

构造方法：

- (id)initWithImage:(UIImage *)image style:(UIBarButtonItemStyle)style target:(id)target action:(SEL)action;- (id)initWithImage:(UIImage *)image landscapeImagePhone:(UIImage *)landscapeImagePhone style:(UIBarButtonItemStyle)style target:(id)target action:(SEL)action NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0); - (id)initWithTitle:(NSString *)title style:(UIBarButtonItemStyle)style target:(id)target action:(SEL)action;- (id)initWithBarButtonSystemItem:(UIBarButtonSystemItem)systemItem target:(id)target action:(SEL)action;- (id)initWithCustomView:(UIView *)customView;

setter和getter：

- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forState:(UIControlState)state barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics;- (UIImage *)backgroundImageForState:(UIControlState)state barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics;/* This sets the background image for buttons with a specific style. When calling this on a UIBarButtonItem instance, the style argument must match the button's style; when calling on the UIAppearance proxy, any style may be passed. */- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forState:(UIControlState)state style:(UIBarButtonItemStyle)style barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics;- (UIImage *)backgroundImageForState:(UIControlState)state style:(UIBarButtonItemStyle)style barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics;/* For adjusting the vertical centering of bordered bar buttons within the bar  */- (void)setBackgroundVerticalPositionAdjustment:(CGFloat)adjustment forBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; - (CGFloat)backgroundVerticalPositionAdjustmentForBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;/* For adjusting the position of a title (if any) within a bordered bar button  */- (void)setTitlePositionAdjustment:(UIOffset)adjustment forBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics; - (UIOffset)titlePositionAdjustmentForBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics;/* The remaining appearance modifiers apply solely to UINavigationBar back buttons and are ignored by other buttons. *//* backgroundImage must be a resizable image for good results. */- (void)setBackButtonBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forState:(UIControlState)state barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics;- (UIImage *)backButtonBackgroundImageForState:(UIControlState)state barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics;- (void)setBackButtonTitlePositionAdjustment:(UIOffset)adjustment forBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics;- (UIOffset)backButtonTitlePositionAdjustmentForBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics;/* For adjusting the vertical centering of bordered bar buttons within the bar  */- (void)setBackButtonBackgroundVerticalPositionAdjustment:(CGFloat)adjustment forBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics; - (CGFloat)backButtonBackgroundVerticalPositionAdjustmentForBarMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics;

UIBarButtonItem的委托方法(无)

UIBarButtonItem支持的事件