最近一直在研究shell脚本这块,刚好闲下来整了下自己手头上比较好的资料中的一些范例,以下是我整理的鸟哥私房菜里面正则表达式里面比较基础的一些语法详解,适合新手查阅。
首先先复制一段范例:
代码如下:
# vi regular_express.txt
-------------------------------
"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.
apple is my favorite food.
Football game is not use feet only.
this dress doesn't fit me.
However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars.
GNU is free air not free beer.
Her hair is very beauty.
I can't finish the test.
Oh! The soup taste good.
motorcycle is cheap than car.
This window is clear.
the symbol '*' is represented as start.
Oh!My god!
The gd software is a library for drafting programs.
You are the best is mean you are the no. 1.
The world <Happy> is the same with "glad".
I like dog.
google is the best tools for search keyword.
goooooogle yes!
go! go! Let's go.
# I am VBird
--------------------------------
设置语系为C
代码如下:#export LANG=C
grep
1.搜寻特定字符串"the"
注: n为显示行号
代码如下:# grep -n 'the' regular_express.txt
2.反向搜寻特定字符串"the"
代码如下:# grep -vn 'the' regular_express.txt
3.取得任意大小写"the"的这个字符串
代码如下:# grep -in 'the' regular_express.txt
4.利用括号 [] 来搜寻集合字符
搜索test或taste这两个单词时,发现他们有共同的't?st',所以可以这么搜寻
代码如下:# grep -n 't[ae]st' regular_express.txt
这样其实就是在找t[a]st和t[e]st这两个分开的字符
如果搜索有 oo 的字符时,则可以使用:
代码如下:# grep -n 'oo' regular_express.txt
如果搜索oo时不想搜到 oo 前面有 g 的话,我们可以利用反向选择[^]来达成:
代码如下:# grep -n '[^g]oo' regular_express.txt
如果搜索oo前面不想有小写字符,则:
代码如下:# grep -n '[^a-z]oo' regular_express.txt
注: 大写英文/小写英文/数字 可以使用 [a-z]/[A-Z]/[0-9]等方式来书写,也可以写在一起
[a-zA-Z0-9]表示要求字符串是数字以及英文
如果我们要取得有数字的那行,则:
代码如下:# grep -n '[0-9]' regular_express.txt
注:但考虑到语系对编码顺序的影响,因此除了连续编码使用减号[-]外,也可以用[:lower:]代替a-z 以及 [:digit:] 代替0-9 使用
代码如下:# grep -n '[^[:lower:]]oo' regular_express.txt
# grep -n '[[:digit:]]' regular_express.txt
5.显示行首为'the'的字符串
代码如下:# grep -n '^the' regular_express.txt
显示行首是小写字符
代码如下:# grep -n '^[a-z]' regular_express.txt
6.显示行尾为点 . 的那一行
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