iOS时间字符串格式化输出技巧详解

2019-10-21 18:47:00

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一.前言

最近项目开发过程中用到了大量的关于时间的处理,将后台返回的时间字符串转换为指定的格式时间再显示在UI上.

例如: 将后台返回的时间字符串2017-04-16 13:08:06转换为:2017年04月16日、2017年04月、04月16日、2017-04-16、2017-04、04-16、13:08、星期几等等.

项目是多人开发,由于前期没有统一处理时间转换的问题,后期发现项目中好多关于时间转换的代码,大部分都是通过(- : 等字符)截取成字符串数组再取相应时间拼接成指定格式,输出在UI显示的地方,代码非常的臃肿,并且这种方式非常不可取.

原因:后台返回的时间字符串并不都是 2017-04-16 13:08:06这种格式,还有2017-04-16这种格式,截取前需要长度格式等校验,多了很多校验代码.非常不可取.

既然是时间,我们便要通过时间的思维来完成转换问题,不要通过截取字符串的方式

于是我便写了一个类,来统一处理转换问题.

二.效果

ios,时间字符串格式化,字符串日期格式化,日期格式化

具体怎么操作:

三.将时间字符串->NSDate

首先我们要将2017-04-16 13:08:06或2017-04-16这种格式时间字符串转换为NSDate

我们新建一个NSDate的Category,笔者取名为NSDate+XHCategory,写一个时间字符串->NSDate方法,代码如下:

+(NSDate*)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_ss_string:(NSString *)string{  NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];  [dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"];  NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];  return date;}

为了兼用其他格式时间字符串,我们把可能的情况都写上,如下

+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_string:(NSString *)string{  NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];  [dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm"];  NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];  return date;}+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_string:(NSString *)string{  NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];  [dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd HH"];  NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];  return date;}+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_string:(NSString *)string{  NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];  [dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd"];  NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];  return date;}+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_string:(NSString *)string{  NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];  [dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM"];  NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];  return date;}

再写一个统一转换时间字符串为 NSDate的方法,如下:

+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithDateString:(NSString *)dateString{  NSDate *date = nil;  date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_ss_string:dateString];  if(date) return date;  date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_string:dateString];  if(date) return date;  date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_string:dateString];  if(date) return date;  date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_string:dateString];  if(date) return date;  date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_string:dateString];  if(date) return date;  return nil;}

四.将NSDate -> NSDateFormatter

为什么要再转换为NSDateFormatter,有些人可能已经明白了,我们点开NSDateFormatter可以看到NSDateFormatter有以下属性

@property (nullable, copy) NSCalendar *calendar NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 4_0);@property (nullable, copy) NSTimeZone *timeZone NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 4_0);@property NSInteger era;@property NSInteger year;@property NSInteger month;@property NSInteger day;@property NSInteger hour;@property NSInteger minute;@property NSInteger second;@property NSInteger nanosecond NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0);@property NSInteger weekday;@property NSInteger weekdayOrdinal;@property NSInteger quarter NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);@property NSInteger weekOfMonth NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0);@property NSInteger weekOfYear NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0);@property NSInteger yearForWeekOfYear NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0);@property (getter=isLeapMonth) BOOL leapMonth NS_AVAILABLE(10_8, 6_0);@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSDate *date NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 4_0);@end

我们新建一个NSDateComponents 的Category,笔者取名NSDateComponents+XHCategory,并实现如下方法:

+(NSDateComponents *)xh_dateComponentsFromDate:(NSDate *)date{  NSDateComponents *components = [[NSCalendar currentCalendar] components:NSCalendarUnitYear| NSCalendarUnitMonth | NSCalendarUnitDay | NSCalendarUnitWeekOfYear | NSCalendarUnitHour | NSCalendarUnitMinute | NSCalendarUnitSecond | NSCalendarUnitWeekday | NSCalendarUnitWeekdayOrdinal fromDate:date];  return components;}

接着我们就可以进行转换操作了,我们新建一个NSString的Category,笔者取名NSString+XHDateFormat

在NSString+XHDateFormat.h文件中写上需要转换的类型如下:

/** * x年x月x日 */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatNianYueRi;/** * x年x月 */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatNianYue;/** * x月x日 */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatYueRi;/** * x年 */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatNian;/** * x时x分x秒 */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatShiFenMiao;/** * x时x分 */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatShiFen;/** * x分x秒 */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatFenMiao;/** * yyyy-MM-dd */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_yyyy_MM_dd;/** * yyyy-MM */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_yyyy_MM;/** * MM-dd */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_MM_dd;/** * yyyy */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_yyyy;/** * HH:mm:ss */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_HH_mm_ss;/** * HH:mm */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_HH_mm;/** * mm:ss */@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_mm_ss;#pragma mark - 转换为星期几@property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatWeekDay;

在 NSString+XHDateFormat.m 实现如下:

-(NSString *)xh_formatNianYueRi{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld年%02ld月%02ld日",date.year,date.month,date.day];}-(NSString *)xh_formatNianYue{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld年%02ld月",date.year,date.month];}-(NSString *)xh_formatYueRi{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld月%02ld月",date.month,date.day];}-(NSString *)xh_formatNian{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld年",date.year];}-(NSString *)xh_formatShiFenMiao{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld时%02ld分%02ld秒",date.hour,date.minute,date.seconds];}-(NSString *)xh_formatShiFen{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld时%02ld分",date.hour,date.minute];}-(NSString *)xh_formatFenMiao{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld分%02ld秒",date.minute,date.seconds];}-(NSString *)xh_format_yyyy_MM_dd{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld-%02ld-%02ld",date.year,date.month,date.day];}-(NSString *)xh_format_yyyy_MM{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld-%02ld",date.year,date.month];}-(NSString *)xh_format_MM_dd{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld-%02ld",date.month,date.day];}-(NSString *)xh_format_yyyy{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld",date.year];}-(NSString *)xh_format_HH_mm_ss{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld:%02ld:%02ld",date.hour,date.minute,date.seconds];}-(NSString *)xh_format_HH_mm{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld:%02ld",date.hour,date.minute];}-(NSString *)xh_format_mm_ss{  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld:%02ld",date.minute,date.seconds];}-(NSString *)xh_formatWeekDay{  NSString *weekStr=nil;  NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];  switch (date.weekday) {    case 2:      weekStr = @"星期一";      break;    case 3:      weekStr = @"星期二";      break;    case 4:      weekStr = @"星期三";      break;    case 5:      weekStr = @"星期四";      break;    case 6:      weekStr = @"星期五";      break;    case 7:      weekStr = @"星期六";      break;    case 1:      weekStr = @"星期天";      break;    default:      break;  }  return weekStr;}

五.调用:

  self.timeString = @"2017-04-16 13:08:06";  //星期  NSString *time0 = self.timeString.xh_formatWeekDay;  //2017年04月16日  NSString *time1 = self.timeString.xh_formatNianYueRi;  //2017年04月  NSString *time2 = self.timeString.xh_formatNianYue;  //04月16日  NSString *time3 = self.timeString.xh_formatYueRi;  //2017年  NSString *time4 = self.timeString.xh_formatNian;  //13时08分01秒  NSString *time5 = self.timeString.xh_formatShiFenMiao;  //13时08分  NSString *time6 = self.timeString.xh_formatShiFen;  //08分01秒  NSString *time7 = self.timeString.xh_formatFenMiao;  //2017-04-16  NSString *time8 = self.timeString.xh_format_yyyy_MM_dd;  //2017-04  NSString *time9 = self.timeString.xh_format_yyyy_MM;  //04-16  NSString *time10 = self.timeString.xh_format_MM_dd;  //2017  NSString *time11 = self.timeString.xh_format_yyyy;  //13:08:06  NSString *time12 = self.timeString.xh_format_HH_mm_ss;  //13:08  NSString *time13 = self.timeString.xh_format_HH_mm;  //08:06  NSString *time14 = self.timeString.xh_format_mm_ss;

github地址：https://github.com/CoderZhuXH/XHDate

完整项目下载地址：XHDate.rar

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