VC++ 6.0 C语言实现俄罗斯方块详细教程

2020-05-23 13:27:19

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今天把我之前写的大作业分享一下吧，并教你们如何实现，希望你们看了前面的教程也能自己写一个。

1.要先下载一个 graphics.h 的头文件来绘图。

2.初始化窗口：initgraph(x, y);这是先创建一个窗口的函数，以左上角为(0,0)，向右为x轴，向下为y轴，其中x表示长x个单位，y表示宽y个单位。

3.关闭图像窗口：closegraph();结束时用来关闭用的。

4.按任意键继续：getch();这个就和getchar();差不多，为了防止以运行完就关了，这样能停顿一下，他的头文件是：conio.h 。

5.画线：line(x1, y1, x2, y2);在你创建的那么窗口里以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)为两个端点画线。

6.画矩形：rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)为对角画一个矩形。

7.画圆：circle(x,y,r);以(x,y)为圆点，r为半径画圆。

8.颜色：setcolor(x);用来设置颜色的，其中x是你要设置的颜色，可以填这16种：黑 BLACK、蓝 BLUE、绿 GREEN、青 CYAN、红 RED、紫 MAGENTA、棕 BROWN、浅灰 LIGHTGRAY、深灰 DARKGRAY、亮蓝 LIGHTBLUE、亮绿 LIGHTGREEN、亮青 LIGHTCYAN、亮红 LIGHTRED、亮紫 LIGHTMAGENTA、黄 YELLOW、白 WHITE；当然，你也可以根据光的三原色来调自己喜欢的颜色，方法是：setcolor(RGB(x,y,z));其中RGB分别代表红绿蓝，对应的x,y,z是你选的该颜色的多少，范围是[0,255]。

根据上面的这些就能画出很多图形了.比如：

# include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h>  void main()  {      initgraph(640,480);    setcolor(BROWN);    line(200,200,300,130);    line(400,200,300,130);    rectangle(200,200,400,380);    setcolor(RGB(100,150,200));    circle(255,260,20);    circle(345,260,20);    rectangle(280,300,310,360);    getch();    closegraph();  }

还有这个，画一个圆，圆心是(320,240),半径r=200，根据角度的公式画一个圆：

# include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h> # include <math.h> # define PI 3.1415926  void main()  {    initgraph(640, 480);    int x,y,r=200,c;    double a;    for(a=0; a<PI*2; a+=0.0001)    {      x=(int)(r*cos(a)+320+0.5);      y=(int)(r*sin(a)+240+0.5);      c=(int)(a*255/(2*PI));      setcolor(RGB(c,200-c/2,100+c/2));      line(320,240,x,y);    }    getch();    closegraph();  }

9.停顿：Sleep(x);停顿x/1000秒。

有了Sleep();函数，就能让线动起来了，原理就是：先画一条线，然后再画一条黑色的线覆盖原来的那条，然后再画一条线，这样不断的画线能行了。

# include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h>  void main()  {    int i,y;    initgraph(640,480);    for(y=0;y<480-2;y++)    {      setcolor(RGB(y,125,y/2%256));      line(0,y,639,y);      line(0,y+2,639,y+2);      Sleep(10);      setcolor(BLACK);      line(0,y,639,y);    }    getch();    closegraph();  }

10.随机数发生器：srand();使用方法：srand(time(NULL));使用时要有头文件time.h。

11.随机函数:rand();随机生成一个数，头文件是：stdlib.h，比如：

# include <stdio.h> # include <time.h> # include <graphics.h>  void main()  {    int t=10;    while(t--)    {      srand(time(NULL));      printf("%d/n",rand());      Sleep(1000);    } }

12.判断键盘是否有输入：kbhit();如果有的话返回1，否则返回0.

13.方向键：方健健的ASCII值我们不知道，普通的getchar();也不能输入，但是getch();通过运行程序可以发现方向比较特殊，分别是：上 224+72、下 224+80、左 224+75、右 224+77，就是说他们是由两个字符组成的，所以判断上下左右时就先判断if(kbhit()),然后判断if(getch()==224),如果是的话在判断if(getch()==72),是的话就是上，下左右同理。

# include <stdio.h> # include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h>  void main()  {    int key;    while(1)    {      if(kbhit())      {        key=getch();        if(key==224)          key=getch();        printf("%d",key);      }      else        printf("*");      Sleep(500);    }  }

14.输出：outtextxy(x,y,s);在坐标为(x,y)的地方输出字符串s。

15.数字转字符串：sprintf(s,"%d",a);将数字a,转化为字符串s，头文件是stdio.h。

16.设置字体：setfont(x,y,"字体");其中x表示你你要输出的字的大小，y会改变形状一般都是设为0，"字体"为你想要输出的字体，比如：setfont(40,0,"楷体");

# include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h> # include <stdio.h>  void main()  {    char s[10];    initgraph(640,480);    setfont(42,0,"隶体");    outtextxy(200,200,"俄罗斯方块");    sprintf(s,"%d",2015);    outtextxy(250,250,s);    getch();    closegraph();  }

上面这些都学会了的话，差不多就能够自己完成编写一个俄罗斯方块了，下面分享一下我写的代码。

# include <stdio.h> # include <time.h> # include <conio.h> # include <graphics.h>  int a,visit[30][15],Color[30][15],minX=30,minY=30,maxX=310,maxY=610,speed=500,score=0,rank=0;  int color[]={GREEN,CYAN,MAGENTA,BROWN,LIGHTGRAY,LIGHTBLUE,LIGHTGREEN,LIGHTRED,YELLOW};  int block[36][5][5]=  {    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},    {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}  };  void Interface();//界面的设计  void nextblock();//生成下一个方块  void newblock();//将下一个放到主方框中  void move(int x,int y,int A);//移动方块  int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next);//判断能否移动  int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//判断能否旋转  void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//标记方块固定后的位置  void full();//判断有没有能够消行的  void down(int x);//有消行的将上面的方块下移一行  int gameover();//判断游戏是否结束  int main()  {    int i,j;    Interface();    nextblock();    Sleep(500);    memset(visit,0,sizeof(visit));    while(1)    {    newblock();    full();    if(gameover())      break;    }    getch();    closegraph();    return 0;  }  void Interface()  {    int i,j;    char str[10];    initgraph(550, 660);    HWND hwnd = GetHWnd();    SetWindowText(hwnd, "NEW俄罗斯方块         制作:丶阿明");    Sleep(2000);    setfont(40,0,"隶体");    setcolor(RED);    outtextxy(145,200,"NEW");    setfont(40,0,"楷体");    for(i=0;i<=255;i++)      for(j=0;j<=255;j++)      {        setcolor(RGB((i+j+128)%255,i,j));        outtextxy(205,200,"俄罗斯方块!");      }      Sleep(2000);      setcolor(YELLOW);      setfont(22,0,"隶体");      outtextxy(310,300,"←_←");      setfont(22,0,"楷体");      outtextxy(180,300,"这逼装的可以");      setcolor(LIGHTMAGENTA);      Sleep(2500);      outtextxy(175,300,"请按任意键开始游戏!");      getch();      cleardevice();      setcolor(WHITE);      rectangle(29,29,334,633);      rectangle(28,28,335,634);      rectangle(370,50,515,195);      setfont(24,0, "楷体");      setcolor(LIGHTGRAY);      outtextxy(405,215,"下一个:");      setcolor(RED);      outtextxy(405,280,"分数:");      sprintf(str,"%d",score);      outtextxy(415,310,str);      outtextxy(405,375,"等级:");      sprintf(str,"%d",rank);      outtextxy(425,405,str);      setfont(22,0, "楷体");      setcolor(LIGHTBLUE);      outtextxy(390,475,"操作说明:");      outtextxy(390,500,"↑: 旋转");      outtextxy(390,525,"↓: 下降");      outtextxy(390,550,"←: 左移");      outtextxy(390,575,"→: 右移");      outtextxy(390,600,"空格: 暂停");  }  void nextblock()  {    int i,j,x=391,y=71;    setfont(23,0,"楷体");    setcolor(BLACK);    for(i=0;i<5;i++)      for(j=0;j<5;j++)        outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");      srand(time(NULL));      a=rand()%9;      setcolor(color[a]);      for(i=0;i<5;i++)        for(j=0;j<5;j++)          if(block[4*a][i][j]==1)            outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");  }  void newblock()  {    int i,j,x=130,y=30,A=a;    if(A==0||A==1||A==6)      y-=60;    else if(A==2||A==3||A==5||A==7||A==8)      y-=40;    else      y-=80;    setfont(23,0,"楷体");    setcolor(color[A]);    for(i=0;i<5;i++)      for(j=0;j<5;j++)        if(block[4*A][i][j]==1&&y+20*i>=30)          outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");        Sleep(100);        nextblock();        move(x,y,A);  }  void move(int x,int y,int A)  {    int i,j,f,k=0,next=0,Speed=speed,key,nex;    while(1)    {      f=couldmove(x,y+k,A,'x',next);      if(f==0)      {        mark(x,y+k,A,next);        break;      }      if(kbhit())      {        key=getch();        if(key==32)          getch();      }      setcolor(BLACK);      for(i=0;i<5;i++)        for(j=0;j<5;j++)          if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k>=30)            outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k,"■");          if(kbhit())          {            key=getch();            if(key==72)            {              nex=(next+1)%4;              if(couldrotate(x,y+k,A,nex))                next=nex;            }            else if(key==80)              Speed=50;            else if(key==75&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'z',next))              x-=20;            else if(key==77&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'y',next))              x+=20;          }          setcolor(color[A]);          for(i=0;i<5;i++)            for(j=0;j<5;j++)              if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k+20>=30)                outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k+20,"■");              Sleep(Speed);              k+=20;        }  }  int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next)  {    int i,j,x,y,f=1;    x=(y0-minY)/20;    y=(x0-minX)/20;    if(dir=='x')    {      for(i=0;i<5;i++)        for(j=0;j<5;j++)        if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(x+i+1==30||(x+i+1>=0&&x+i+1<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i+1][y+j]==1)))          f=0;    }    else if(dir=='z')    {      for(i=0;i<5;i++)        for(j=0;j<5;j++)          if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==0||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j-1>=0&&y+j-1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j-1]==1)))            f=0;    }    else if(dir=='y')    {      for(i=0;i<5;i++)        for(j=0;j<5;j++)          if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j+1==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j+1>=0&&y+j+1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j+1]==1)))            f=0;    }    return f;  }  int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next)  {    int i,j,x,y,f=1;    x=(y0-minY)/20;    y=(x0-minX)/20;    if(!couldmove(x0,y0,A,'x',next))      f=0;    for(i=0;i<5;i++)      for(j=0;j<5;j++)        if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==-1||y+j==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i][y+j]==1)))          f=0;        return f;  }  void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next)  {    int i,j,x,y;    x=(y0-minY)/20;    y=(x0-minX)/20;    for(i=0;i<5;i++)      for(j=0;j<5;j++)        if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1)        {          visit[x+i][y+j]=1;          Color[x+i][y+j]=color[A];        }  }  void full()  {    int i,j,k=0;    char str[10];    for(i=29;i>=0;i--)    {      for(j=0;j<15;j++)        if(visit[i][j]==0)          break;        if(j==15)        {          k++;          down(i);          i++;        }    }    setcolor(RED);    score+=10*k;    sprintf(str,"%d",score);    outtextxy(415,310,str);    rank=(score/50);    sprintf(str,"%d",rank);    outtextxy(425,405,str);    speed=500-100*rank;    if(speed==0)      speed=100;    if(score>=300)      speed=75;  }  void down(int x)  {    int i,j;    for(i=x;i>0;i--)      for(j=0;j<15;j++)        if(visit[i-1][j]==1)        {          visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j];          Color[i][j]=Color[i-1][j];          setcolor(Color[i-1][j]);          outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■");        }        else        {          visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j];          setcolor(BLACK);          outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■");        }        setcolor(BLACK);        for(j=0;j<15;j++)        {          visit[0][j]=0;          outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY,"■");        }  }  int gameover()  {    int i,j;    for(i=0;i<15;i++)      if(visit[0][i]==1)      {        for(i=0;i<=7;i++)        {          setcolor(RGB(35*i,255-35*i,255));          for(j=i;j<30-i;j++,Sleep(20))            outtextxy(30+20*i,30+20*j,"■");          for(j=i;j<15-i;j++,Sleep(20))            outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*(29-i),"■");          for(j=30-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20))            outtextxy(30+20*(14-i),30+20*j,"■");          for(j=15-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20))            outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*i,"■");        }        setcolor(WHITE);        setfont(45,0,"隶体");        outtextxy(75,300,"GAME OVER!");        Sleep(5000);        return 1;      }      return 0;  }

我设置的一行能放15个小格子，一共能放30行，二维数组visit[30][15],来判断某个位置是否有方块，比如visit[29][5]=1表示第30行第6个方块的位置有方块了，0表示没方块,Color[30][15]用来记录某个位置的方块的颜色。minX=30,minY=30表示左上角的方块也就是第1行第1列的方块对应在界面的坐标，maxX,maxY同理。speed表示方块的下落速度，一开始初始化为500，没0.5s往下落一行，score记录分数，每消一行加10分，rank表示等级，每50分等级+1，且速度减100，当速度减到100时，就不变了，只有当分数超过300速度才会减为75，且以后都不会再减少了。

我一个设计了9种方块，每种方块都有4种形态，每顺时针旋转90°就有一种形态，所以一共是36个方块。每个方块都用5*5的二维数组来表示，36种就是36个二维数组，所以用block[36][5][5]来表示，block[k][5][5],（k<36&&k%4==0）表示每种方块的初始形态，k+1，+2，+3,分别表示第k种方块选择90°、180°、270°之后的形态。比如block[1][5][5]保存的是第1种方块旋转90°的方块，其中block[1][i][j]=1表示这个方块第i+1行，j+1列有一个小方块，=0代表没有，所以我的block[36][5][5]，有36行，一行25个数列，表示一种方块。一维数组color[]依次表示9种方块的颜色。

附上效果图：

VC++,C语言,俄罗斯方块