Android提高之多级树形菜单的实现方法

2020-04-11 11:45:43

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一般来说在Android里要实现树形菜单，都是用ExpandableList(也有高手自己继承ListView或者LinearLayout来做)，但是ExpandableList一般只能实现2级树形菜单。本文所述实例也依然使用ExpandableList，但是要实现的是3级树形菜单。

本文程序运行效果图如下图所示：

当用BaseExpandableListAdapter来实现二级树形菜单时，父项(getGroupView())和子项(getChildView())都是使用TextView。当要实现三级树形菜单时，子项(getChildView())就必须使用ExpandableList了。另外还要定义结构体来方便调用三级树形的数据，二级树形菜单可以用如下：

static public class TreeNode{ Object parent; List<Object> childs=new ArrayList<Object>();}

三级树形菜单可以用如下，子项是二级树形菜单的结构体如下所示：

static public class SuperTreeNode { Object parent; //二级树形菜单的结构体 List<TreeViewAdapter.TreeNode> childs = new ArrayList<TreeViewAdapter.TreeNode>();}

实现三级树形菜单有两点要注意的：

1、第二级也是个树形菜单，因此必须在第二级项目展开/回收时设置足够的空间来完全显示二级树形菜单；

2、在实现三级树形菜单时，发现菜单的方法都是用不了(如OnChildClickListener、OnGroupClickListener等)，因此要获得选中的数据就必须在外部定义好回调函数，然后在第二级生成二级树形菜单时回调这个外部函数。

此外还需要注意：本文在解决No.2关键点的时候，只能取得第三级选中的序号。而第一，第二级依然无法获取其序号。

main.xml源码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/LinearLayout01" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <Button android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="两层结构"  android:layout_width="160dip" android:id="@+id/btnNormal"></Button> <Button android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="三层结构"  android:layout_width="160dip" android:id="@+id/btnSuper"></Button> </LinearLayout> <ExpandableListView android:id="@+id/ExpandableListView01" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"></ExpandableListView></LinearLayout>

testExpandableList.java是主类，调用其他工具类，源码如下：

package com.testExpandableList;import java.util.List;import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.ExpandableListView;import android.widget.ExpandableListView.OnChildClickListener;import android.widget.Toast;public class testExpandableList extends Activity {  /** Called when the activity is first created. */ ExpandableListView expandableList; TreeViewAdapter adapter; SuperTreeViewAdapter superAdapter; Button btnNormal,btnSuper;  // Sample data set. children[i] contains the children (String[]) for groups[i].  public String[] groups = { "xxxx好友", "xxxx同学", "xxxxx女人"};  public String[][] child= {      { "A君", "B君", "C君", "D君" },      { "同学甲", "同学乙", "同学丙"},      { "御姐", "萝莉" }  };  public String[] parent = { "xxxx好友", "xxxx同学"};  public String[][][] child_grandson= {   {{"A君"},    {"AA","AAA"}},   {{"B君"},    {"BBB","BBBB","BBBBB"}},   {{"C君"},    {"CCC","CCCC"}},   {{"D君"},    {"DDD","DDDD","DDDDD"}},  };  @Override  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);    setContentView(R.layout.main);    this.setTitle("ExpandableListView练习----hellogv");    btnNormal=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnNormal);    btnNormal.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent());    btnSuper=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnSuper);    btnSuper.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent());    adapter=new TreeViewAdapter(this,TreeViewAdapter.PaddingLeft>>1);    superAdapter=new SuperTreeViewAdapter(this,stvClickEvent);    expandableList=(ExpandableListView) testExpandableList.this.findViewById(R.id.ExpandableListView01);  }  class ClickEvent implements View.OnClickListener{ @Override public void onClick(View v) {  adapter.RemoveAll();  adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();  superAdapter.RemoveAll();  superAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();    if(v==btnNormal)  {     List<TreeViewAdapter.TreeNode> treeNode = adapter.GetTreeNode();     for(int i=0;i<groups.length;i++)     {      TreeViewAdapter.TreeNode node=new TreeViewAdapter.TreeNode();      node.parent=groups[i];      for(int ii=0;ii<child[i].length;ii++)      {      node.childs.add(child[i][ii]);      }      treeNode.add(node);     }     adapter.UpdateTreeNode(treeNode);        expandableList.setAdapter(adapter);     expandableList.setOnChildClickListener(new OnChildClickListener(){   @Override   public boolean onChildClick(ExpandableListView arg0, View arg1,   int parent, int children, long arg4) {   String str="parent id:"+String.valueOf(parent)+",children id:"+String.valueOf(children);   Toast.makeText(testExpandableList.this, str, 300).show();   return false;   }     });  }  else if(v==btnSuper){  List<SuperTreeViewAdapter.SuperTreeNode> superTreeNode = superAdapter.GetTreeNode();     for(int i=0;i<parent.length;i++)//第一层     {      SuperTreeViewAdapter.SuperTreeNode superNode=new SuperTreeViewAdapter.SuperTreeNode();      superNode.parent=parent[i];            //第二层      for(int ii=0;ii<child_grandson.length;ii++)       {        TreeViewAdapter.TreeNode node=new TreeViewAdapter.TreeNode();        node.parent=child_grandson[ii][0][0];//第二级菜单的标题                for(int iii=0;iii<child_grandson[ii][1].length;iii++)//第三级菜单        {        node.childs.add(child_grandson[ii][1][iii]);        }        superNode.childs.add(node);       }      superTreeNode.add(superNode);     }     superAdapter.UpdateTreeNode(superTreeNode);     expandableList.setAdapter(superAdapter);  } }  }  /**   * 三级树形菜单的事件不再可用，本函数由三级树形菜单的子项（二级菜单）进行回调   */  OnChildClickListener stvClickEvent=new OnChildClickListener(){ @Override public boolean onChildClick(ExpandableListView parent,  View v, int groupPosition, int childPosition,  long id) {  String str="parent id:"+String.valueOf(groupPosition)+",children id:"+String.valueOf(childPosition);  Toast.makeText(testExpandableList.this, str, 300).show();  return false; }  };}

TreeViewAdapter.java是实现二级树形菜单的工具类，源码如下：

package com.testExpandableList;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import android.content.Context;import android.util.Log;import android.view.Gravity;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;import android.widget.AbsListView;import android.widget.BaseExpandableListAdapter;import android.widget.TextView;public class TreeViewAdapter extends BaseExpandableListAdapter{ public static final int ItemHeight=48;//每项的高度 public static final int PaddingLeft=36;//每项的高度 private int myPaddingLeft=0;//如果是由SuperTreeView调用，则作为子项需要往右移 static public class TreeNode{ Object parent; List<Object> childs=new ArrayList<Object>(); } List<TreeNode> treeNodes = new ArrayList<TreeNode>(); Context parentContext; public TreeViewAdapter(Context view,int myPaddingLeft) { parentContext=view; this.myPaddingLeft=myPaddingLeft; } public List<TreeNode> GetTreeNode() { return treeNodes; } public void UpdateTreeNode(List<TreeNode> nodes) { treeNodes=nodes; } public void RemoveAll() { treeNodes.clear(); } public Object getChild(int groupPosition, int childPosition) { return treeNodes.get(groupPosition).childs.get(childPosition); } public int getChildrenCount(int groupPosition) { return treeNodes.get(groupPosition).childs.size(); } static public TextView getTextView(Context context) { AbsListView.LayoutParams lp = new AbsListView.LayoutParams(  ViewGroup.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, ItemHeight); TextView textView = new TextView(context); textView.setLayoutParams(lp); textView.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL | Gravity.LEFT); return textView; } public View getChildView(int groupPosition, int childPosition,  boolean isLastChild, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { TextView textView = getTextView(this.parentContext); textView.setText(getChild(groupPosition, childPosition).toString()); textView.setPadding(myPaddingLeft+PaddingLeft, 0, 0, 0); return textView; } public View getGroupView(int groupPosition, boolean isExpanded,  View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { TextView textView = getTextView(this.parentContext); textView.setText(getGroup(groupPosition).toString()); textView.setPadding(myPaddingLeft+(PaddingLeft>>1), 0, 0, 0); return textView; } public long getChildId(int groupPosition, int childPosition) { return childPosition; } public Object getGroup(int groupPosition) { return treeNodes.get(groupPosition).parent; } public int getGroupCount() { return treeNodes.size(); } public long getGroupId(int groupPosition) { return groupPosition; } public boolean isChildSelectable(int groupPosition, int childPosition) { return true; } public boolean hasStableIds() { return true; }}

SuperTreeViewAdapter.java是实现三级树形菜单的工具类，会用到TreeViewAdapter.java，源码如下：

package com.testExpandableList;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import com.testExpandableList.TreeViewAdapter.TreeNode;import android.content.Context;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;import android.widget.AbsListView;import android.widget.BaseExpandableListAdapter;import android.widget.ExpandableListView;import android.widget.ExpandableListView.OnChildClickListener;import android.widget.ExpandableListView.OnGroupCollapseListener;import android.widget.ExpandableListView.OnGroupExpandListener;import android.widget.TextView;public class SuperTreeViewAdapter extends BaseExpandableListAdapter { static public class SuperTreeNode { Object parent; //二级树形菜单的结构体 List<TreeViewAdapter.TreeNode> childs = new ArrayList<TreeViewAdapter.TreeNode>(); } private List<SuperTreeNode> superTreeNodes = new ArrayList<SuperTreeNode>(); private Context parentContext; private OnChildClickListener stvClickEvent;//外部回调函数 public SuperTreeViewAdapter(Context view,OnChildClickListener stvClickEvent) { parentContext = view; this.stvClickEvent=stvClickEvent; } public List<SuperTreeNode> GetTreeNode() { return superTreeNodes; } public void UpdateTreeNode(List<SuperTreeNode> node) { superTreeNodes = node; } public void RemoveAll() { superTreeNodes.clear(); } public Object getChild(int groupPosition, int childPosition) { return superTreeNodes.get(groupPosition).childs.get(childPosition); } public int getChildrenCount(int groupPosition) { return superTreeNodes.get(groupPosition).childs.size(); } public ExpandableListView getExpandableListView() { AbsListView.LayoutParams lp = new AbsListView.LayoutParams(  ViewGroup.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, TreeViewAdapter.ItemHeight); ExpandableListView superTreeView = new ExpandableListView(parentContext); superTreeView.setLayoutParams(lp); return superTreeView; } /** * 三层树结构中的第二层是一个ExpandableListView */  public View getChildView(int groupPosition, int childPosition,  boolean isLastChild, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { // 是  final ExpandableListView treeView = getExpandableListView(); final TreeViewAdapter treeViewAdapter = new TreeViewAdapter(this.parentContext,0); List<TreeNode> tmp = treeViewAdapter.GetTreeNode();//临时变量取得TreeViewAdapter的TreeNode集合，可为空 final TreeNode treeNode=(TreeNode) getChild(groupPosition, childPosition); tmp.add(treeNode); treeViewAdapter.UpdateTreeNode(tmp); treeView.setAdapter(treeViewAdapter); //关键点：取得选中的二级树形菜单的父子节点,结果返回给外部回调函数 treeView.setOnChildClickListener(this.stvClickEvent); /**  * 关键点：第二级菜单展开时通过取得节点数来设置第三级菜单的大小  */ treeView.setOnGroupExpandListener(new OnGroupExpandListener() {  @Override  public void onGroupExpand(int groupPosition) {  AbsListView.LayoutParams lp = new AbsListView.LayoutParams(   ViewGroup.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT,   (treeNode.childs.size()+1)*TreeViewAdapter.ItemHeight + 10);  treeView.setLayoutParams(lp);  } }); /**  * 第二级菜单回收时设置为标准Item大小  */ treeView.setOnGroupCollapseListener(new OnGroupCollapseListener() {  @Override  public void onGroupCollapse(int groupPosition) {    AbsListView.LayoutParams lp = new AbsListView.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT,   TreeViewAdapter.ItemHeight);  treeView.setLayoutParams(lp);  } }); treeView.setPadding(TreeViewAdapter.PaddingLeft, 0, 0, 0); return treeView; } /** * 三级树结构中的首层是TextView,用于作为title */ public View getGroupView(int groupPosition, boolean isExpanded,  View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { TextView textView = TreeViewAdapter.getTextView(this.parentContext); textView.setText(getGroup(groupPosition).toString()); textView.setPadding(TreeViewAdapter.PaddingLeft, 0, 0, 0); return textView; } public long getChildId(int groupPosition, int childPosition) { return childPosition; } public Object getGroup(int groupPosition) { return superTreeNodes.get(groupPosition).parent; } public int getGroupCount() { return superTreeNodes.size(); } public long getGroupId(int groupPosition) { return groupPosition; } public boolean isChildSelectable(int groupPosition, int childPosition) { return true; } public boolean hasStableIds() { return true; }}

总结，使用ExpandableList实现三级树形菜单时有些bug不好解决，而且定义三维数组的时候也要倍加小心！所以尽量把数据化简来使用二级树形菜单。

希望本文所述代码对大家进行Android程序设计有一定的帮助。

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