python 全文检索引擎详解

python 全文检索引擎详解

最近一直在探索着如何用Python实现像百度那样的关键词检索功能。说起关键词检索，我们会不由自主地联想到正则表达式。正则表达式是所有检索的基础，python中有个re类，是专门用于正则匹配。然而，光光是正则表达式是不能很好实现检索功能的。

python有一个whoosh包，是专门用于全文搜索引擎。

whoosh在国内使用的比较少，而它的性能还没有sphinx/coreseek成熟，不过不同于前者，这是一个纯python库，对python的爱好者更为方便使用。具体的代码如下

安装

输入命令行 pip install whoosh

需要导入的包有:

fromwhoosh.index import create_infromwhoosh.fields import *fromwhoosh.analysis import RegexAnalyzerfromwhoosh.analysis import Tokenizer,Token

中文分词解析器

class ChineseTokenizer(Tokenizer):  """  中文分词解析器  """  def __call__(self, value, positions=False, chars=False,         keeporiginal=True, removestops=True, start_pos=0, start_char=0,         mode='', **kwargs):    assert isinstance(value, text_type), "%r is not unicode "% value    t = Token(positions, chars, removestops=removestops, mode=mode, **kwargs)    list_seg = jieba.cut_for_search(value)    for w in list_seg:      t.original = t.text = w      t.boost = 0.5      if positions:        t.pos = start_pos + value.find(w)      if chars:        t.startchar = start_char + value.find(w)        t.endchar = start_char + value.find(w) + len(w)      yield tdef chinese_analyzer():  return ChineseTokenizer()

构建索引的函数

@staticmethod  def create_index(document_dir):    analyzer = chinese_analyzer()    schema = Schema(titel=TEXT(stored=True, analyzer=analyzer), path=ID(stored=True),            content=TEXT(stored=True, analyzer=analyzer))    ix = create_in("./", schema)    writer = ix.writer()    for parents, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(document_dir):      for filename in filenames:        title = filename.replace(".txt", "").decode('utf8')        print title        content = open(document_dir + '/' + filename, 'r').read().decode('utf-8')        path = u"/b"        writer.add_document(titel=title, path=path, content=content)    writer.commit()

检索函数

 @staticmethod  def search(search_str):    title_list = []    print 'here'    ix = open_dir("./")    searcher = ix.searcher()    print search_str,type(search_str)    results = searcher.find("content", search_str)    for hit in results:      print hit['titel']      print hit.score      print hit.highlights("content", top=10)      title_list.append(hit['titel'])    print 'tt',title_list    return title_list

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