Python实现Tab自动补全和历史命令管理的方法

本文实例讲述了Python实现Tab自动补全和历史命令管理的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下：

Python的startup文件，即环境变量 PYTHONSTARTUP 对应的文件

1. 为readline添加tab键自动补全的功能

2. 像Shell一样管理历史命令

代码如下：
代码如下:import rlcompleter
import readline
import atexit
import os
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7116038/python-tab-completion-mac-osx-10-7-lion
if 'libedit' in readline.__doc__:
    readline.parse_and_bind('bind ^I rl_complete')
else:
    readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')
histfile = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.pyhist')
try:
    readline.read_history_file(histfile)
except IOError:
    pass
atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile)
del readline, rlcompleter, histfile, os

希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

一。这个方法可以修改shell命令行的自动补全
1.获取python目录【我使用的是64位ubuntu系统】

[~$]pythonPython 2.7.3 (default, Apr 10 2013, 06:20:15) [GCC 4.6.3] on linux2Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>> import sys>>> sys.path['', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gst-0.10', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0','/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntu-sso-client', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-client', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-control-panel', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-couch', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-installer', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-storage-protocol']>>> 

从上面看出python在我电脑上的路径是 /usr/lib/python2.7

2.切换至该目录写个startup.py的脚本,脚本目录就是处理python中<tab>事件，脚本内容如下

#!/usr/bin/python # python startup file      import sys import readline import rlcompleter import atexit import os # tab completion readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete') # history file histfile = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.pythonhistory') try:   readline.read_history_file(histfile) except IOError:   pass atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile)      del os, histfile, readline, rlcompleter

3.切换至自己主目录

代码如下:
[/usr/lib/python2.7$]cd
[~$]vi .bashrc

4. 增加环境变量

代码如下:
#for python
export PYTHONSTARTUP=/usr/lib/python2.7/startup.py