一、简介
XPath 是一门在 XML 文档中查找信息的语言。XPath 可用来在 XML 文档中对元素和属性进行遍历。XPath 是 W3C XSLT 标准的主要元素，并且 XQuery 和 XPointer 都构建于 XPath 表达之上。
二、安装
pip3 install lxml
三、使用
1、导入
from lxml import etree
2、基本使用
from lxml import etreewb_data = """ <div> <ul> <li class="item-0"><a href="link1.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >first item</a></li> <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >second item</a></li> <li class="item-inactive"><a href="link3.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >third item</a></li> <li class="item-1"><a href="link4.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >fourth item</a></li> <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >fifth item</a> </ul> </div> """html = etree.HTML(wb_data)print(html)result = etree.tostring(html)print(result.decode("utf-8")) 从下面的结果来看，我们打印机html其实就是一个python对象，etree.tostring(html)则是不全里html的基本写法，补全了缺胳膊少腿的标签。
<Element html at 0x39e58f0><html><body><div> <ul> <li class="item-0"><a href="link1.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >first item</a></li> <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >second item</a></li> <li class="item-inactive"><a href="link3.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >third item</a></li> <li class="item-1"><a href="link4.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >fourth item</a></li> <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >fifth item</a> </li></ul> </div> </body></html>
3、获取某个标签的内容(基本使用)，注意，获取a标签的所有内容，a后面就不用再加正斜杠，否则报错。
写法一
html = etree.HTML(wb_data)html_data = html.xpath('/html/body/div/ul/li/a')print(html)for i in html_data: print(i.text)<Element html at 0x12fe4b8>first itemsecond itemthird itemfourth itemfifth item
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