Serializer序列化器
定义Serializer
1. 定义方法
Django REST framework中的Serializer使用类来定义,须继承自rest_framework.serializers.Serializer。
例如,我们已有了一个数据库模型类BookInfo
class BookInfo(models.Model): btitle = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='名称') bpub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name='发布日期', null=True) bread = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='阅读量') bcomment = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='评论量') image = models.ImageField(upload_to='booktest', verbose_name='图片', null=True)
我们想为这个模型类提供一个序列化器,可以定义如下:
class BookInfoSerializer(serializers.Serializer): """图书数据序列化器""" id = serializers.IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True) btitle = serializers.CharField(label='名称', max_length=20) bpub_date = serializers.DateField(label='发布日期', required=False) bread = serializers.IntegerField(label='阅读量', required=False) bcomment = serializers.IntegerField(label='评论量', required=False) image = serializers.ImageField(label='图片', required=False)
注意:serializer不是只能为数据库模型类定义,也可以为非数据库模型类的数据定义。serializer是独立于数据库之外的存在。
2. 字段与选项
常用字段类型:
字段 | 字段构造方式 |
---|---|
BooleanField | BooleanField() |
NullBooleanField | NullBooleanField() |
CharField | CharField(max_length=None, min_length=None, allow_blank=False, trim_whitespace=True) |
EmailField | EmailField(max_length=None, min_length=None, allow_blank=False) |
RegexField | RegexField(regex, max_length=None, min_length=None, allow_blank=False) |
SlugField | SlugField(maxlength=50, min_length=None, allow_blank=False) 正则字段,验证正则模式 [a-zA-Z0-9-]+ |
URLField | URLField(max_length=200, min_length=None, allow_blank=False) |
UUIDField | UUIDField(format='hex_verbose') format: 1) 'hex_verbose' 如"5ce0e9a5-5ffa-654b-cee0-1238041fb31a" 2) 'hex' 如 "5ce0e9a55ffa654bcee01238041fb31a" 3)'int' - 如: "123456789012312313134124512351145145114" 4)'urn' 如: "urn:uuid:5ce0e9a5-5ffa-654b-cee0-1238041fb31a" |
IPAddressField | IPAddressField(protocol='both', unpack_ipv4=False, **options) |
IntegerField | IntegerField(max_value=None, min_value=None) |
FloatField | FloatField(max_value=None, min_value=None) |
DecimalField | DecimalField(max_digits, decimal_places, coerce_to_string=None, max_value=None, min_value=None) max_digits: 最多位数 decimal_palces: 小数点位置 |
DateTimeField | DateTimeField(format=api_settings.DATETIME_FORMAT, input_formats=None) |
DateField | DateField(format=api_settings.DATE_FORMAT, input_formats=None) |
TimeField | TimeField(format=api_settings.TIME_FORMAT, input_formats=None) |
DurationField | DurationField() |
ChoiceField | ChoiceField(choices) choices与Django的用法相同 |
MultipleChoiceField | MultipleChoiceField(choices) |
FileField | FileField(max_length=None, allow_empty_file=False, use_url=UPLOADED_FILES_USE_URL) |
ImageField | ImageField(max_length=None, allow_empty_file=False, use_url=UPLOADED_FILES_USE_URL) |
ListField | ListField(child=, min_length=None, max_length=None) |
DictField | DictField(child=) |
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