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python3.6的venv模块使用详解

2020-02-15 22:37:15
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今天,在在使用 pycharm 的使用,进行创建 python的时候,发现使用默认的创建的选项使用的python 3环境 。而我系统默认的python环境是 python 2.7 环境;这就引起了我的兴趣。

我打开pycharm 的终端,发现:

前面 有个 venv 参数,通过 调研了一番我发现:python 的 venv 模块可以创建一个独立的虚拟的python运行环境,这样就和系统的python独立开来了。而我使用fedora 28的系统,默认安装了python2.7 和 python3.6 两种python环境。

我们使用 python 内置的文档查看,venv 相关,其描述为:

Help on package venv:

NAME
venv - Virtual environment (venv) package for Python. Based on PEP 405.

我们使用python3 查看 venv 模块的使用方法:

➜ env pwd/home/xuyaowen/Desktop/workplace/env➜ env python3 -m venv -husage: venv [-h] [--system-site-packages] [--symlinks | --copies] [--clear]      [--upgrade] [--without-pip] [--prompt PROMPT]      ENV_DIR [ENV_DIR ...]Creates virtual Python environments in one or more target directories.positional arguments: ENV_DIR        A directory to create the environment in.optional arguments: -h, --help      show this help message and exit --system-site-packages            Give the virtual environment access to the system            site-packages dir. --symlinks      Try to use symlinks rather than copies, when symlinks            are not the default for the platform. --copies       Try to use copies rather than symlinks, even when            symlinks are the default for the platform. --clear        Delete the contents of the environment directory if it            already exists, before environment creation. --upgrade       Upgrade the environment directory to use this version            of Python, assuming Python has been upgraded in-place. --without-pip     Skips installing or upgrading pip in the virtual            environment (pip is bootstrapped by default) --prompt PROMPT    Provides an alternative prompt prefix for this            environment.Once an environment has been created, you may wish to activate it, e.g. bysourcing an activate script in its bin directory.

通过上面的介绍,我们大致知道 venv 的模块使用方法:

首先我们创建虚拟环境:

➜ venvtest pwd/home/xuyaowen/Desktop/workplace/venvtest➜ venvtest python3 -m venv .

我们查看创建的结果:

➜ venvtest lsbin include lib lib64 pyvenv.cfg➜ venvtest ll *lrwxrwxrwx. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen  3 Jul 27 11:44 lib64 -> lib-rw-r--r--. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen  69 Jul 27 11:44 pyvenv.cfgbin:total 32K-rw-r--r--. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 2.2K Jul 27 11:44 activate-rw-r--r--. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 1.3K Jul 27 11:44 activate.csh-rw-r--r--. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 2.4K Jul 27 11:44 activate.fish-rwxr-xr-x. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 271 Jul 27 11:44 easy_install-rwxr-xr-x. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 271 Jul 27 11:44 easy_install-3.6-rwxr-xr-x. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 243 Jul 27 11:44 pip-rwxr-xr-x. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 243 Jul 27 11:44 pip3-rwxr-xr-x. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 243 Jul 27 11:44 pip3.6lrwxrwxrwx. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen  7 Jul 27 11:44 python -> python3lrwxrwxrwx. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen  16 Jul 27 11:44 python3 -> /usr/bin/python3include:total 0lib:total 4.0Kdrwxr-xr-x. 3 xuyaowen xuyaowen 4.0K Jul 27 11:44 python3.6            
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