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python3实现raspberry pi(树莓派)4驱小车控制程序

2020-02-15 21:15:02
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 0. 写在前面:

一两个月前偶然得到一个树莓派一代,发现还是挺强大的,然后就考虑着自己实现一个四驱小车。因为本身是学软件的,所以利用软件来控制实实在在可见的硬件一直是自己的一个梦想。所以当时也是花了很多时间来琢磨、实验小车控制方面的东西。因为时间过去比较久了,这里也就只是记录一下当时踩过的坑、实现的一些思路以及绝大部分源代码。截止当前,我的树莓派小车实现的主要功能是:

控制小车前进、后退、左转、右转、后退左转、后退右转 摄像头两路舵机控制(实现摄像头上下左右旋转) 网页版小车控制程序(小车控制程序、实时监控、摄像头旋转控制) 微信小程序版小车控制程序(功能基本同上)

(本文只是介绍上述的第一个功能,其他功能的实现在后续的博文中介绍)

1. 准备:

给树莓派安装系统(这个网上资料太多,一搜一大把,我装的是raspbian) 安装python3 准备四个步进电机,电机驱动,并组装连接好(我都是在某宝上买的,电机及其组件是在“亚博智能科技”买的,驱动是在“深圳市艾尔赛科技”上买的L298N四路电机驱动)

一些可能遇到的坑:

首先要注意电机驱动的输入电压,电压过低很可能无法带动电机(当然也不可过高) 电机驱动输入有一个GND,这个一定要连接树莓派的一个GND输出,否则可能出现电机驱动异常(我当时遇到的情况是:手接触驱动电路中的金属电机就可以正常转动,手一松开电机就不能正常运转了)

2. 基本思路:

将连接端口作为一个配置文件,该配置文件定义小车需要使用的端口 控制程序读取配置文件,并实现小车的方向控制 小车控制程序定义了私有的向各个方向移动的方法,然后定义一个方法接受方向参数,该方法内部再调用具体的移动方法

需要说明的是:由于使用引脚的不同,以及电机安装位置的差异,所以不能保证以下程序能够直接使用。

3. 配置文件内容如下(文件名为:config.ini):

[car]# This is the parmaters that will control the car's wheels# The number is the interface number of GPIO (GPIO.BOARD)LEFT_FRONT_1 = 7LEFT_FRONT_2 = 11 RIGHT_FRONT_1 = 13RIGHT_FRONT_2 = 15 LEFT_BEHIND_1 = 31LEFT_BEHIND_2 = 33 RIGHT_BEHIND_1 = 35RIGHT_BEHIND_2 = 37

4. 小车控制程序(文件名为:car_controler.py):

# coding=utf-8import RPi.GPIO as GPIOimport timeimport configparser  class FourWheelDriveCar(): # Define the number of all the GPIO that will used for the 4wd car  def __init__(self):  '''  1. Read pin number from configure file  2. Init all GPIO configureation  '''  config = configparser.ConfigParser()  config.read("config.ini")  self.LEFT_FRONT_1 = config.getint("car", "LEFT_FRONT_1")  self.LEFT_FRONT_2 = config.getint("car", "LEFT_FRONT_2")   self.RIGHT_FRONT_1 = config.getint("car", "RIGHT_FRONT_1")  self.RIGHT_FRONT_2 = config.getint("car", "RIGHT_FRONT_2")   self.LEFT_BEHIND_1 = config.getint("car", "LEFT_BEHIND_1")  self.LEFT_BEHIND_2 = config.getint("car", "LEFT_BEHIND_2")   self.RIGHT_BEHIND_1 = config.getint("car", "RIGHT_BEHIND_1")  self.RIGHT_BEHIND_2 = config.getint("car", "RIGHT_BEHIND_2")   GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)  GPIO.setwarnings(False)  GPIO.setup(self.LEFT_FRONT_1, GPIO.OUT)  GPIO.setup(self.LEFT_FRONT_2, GPIO.OUT)  GPIO.setup(self.RIGHT_FRONT_1, GPIO.OUT)  GPIO.setup(self.RIGHT_FRONT_2, GPIO.OUT)  GPIO.setup(self.LEFT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.OUT)  GPIO.setup(self.LEFT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.OUT)  GPIO.setup(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.OUT)  GPIO.setup(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.OUT)  def reset(self):  # Rest all the GPIO as LOW  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_FRONT_1, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_FRONT_2, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_FRONT_1, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_FRONT_2, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.LOW)  def __forword(self):  self.reset()  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_FRONT_1, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_FRONT_2, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_FRONT_1, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_FRONT_2, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.LOW)  def __backword(self):  self.reset()  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_FRONT_2, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_FRONT_1, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_FRONT_2, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_FRONT_1, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.LOW)  def __turnLeft(self):  '''  To turn left, the LEFT_FRONT wheel will move backword  All other wheels move forword  '''  self.reset()  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_FRONT_2, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_FRONT_1, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_FRONT_1, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_FRONT_2, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.LOW)  def __turnRight(self):  '''  To turn right, the RIGHT_FRONT wheel move backword  All other wheels move forword  '''  self.reset()  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_FRONT_1, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_FRONT_2, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_FRONT_2, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_FRONT_1, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.LOW)  def __backLeft(self):  '''  To go backword and turn left, the LEFT_BEHIND wheel move forword  All other wheels move backword  '''  self.reset()  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_FRONT_2, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_FRONT_1, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_FRONT_2, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_FRONT_1, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.LOW)  def __backRight(self):  '''  To go backword and turn right, the RIGHT_BEHIND wheel move forword  All other wheels move backword  '''  self.reset()  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_FRONT_2, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_FRONT_1, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_FRONT_2, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_FRONT_1, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.LEFT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.LOW)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_1, GPIO.HIGH)  GPIO.output(self.RIGHT_BEHIND_2, GPIO.LOW)  def __stop(self):  self.reset()  def carMove(self, direction):  '''  Car move according to the input paramter - direction  '''  if direction == 'F':   self.__forword()  elif direction == 'B':   self.__backword()  elif direction == 'L':   self.__turnLeft()  elif direction == 'R':   self.__turnRight()  elif direction == 'BL':   self.__backLeft()  elif direction == 'BR':   self.__backRight()  elif direction == 'S':   self.__stop()  else:   print("The input direction is wrong! You can just input: F, B, L, R, BL,BR or S")  if __name__ == "__main__": raspCar = FourWheelDriveCar() while(True):  direction = input("Please input direction: ")  raspCar.carMove(direction)            
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