PostgreSQL安装、配置及简单使用方法

[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-releaseCentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install pgdg-centos96-9.6-3.noarch.rpm #yum源安装[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install postgresql-server #安装postgreesql#安装生成的文件[root@node1 ~]# rpm -ql postgresql-server/etc/pam.d/postgresql/usr/bin/initdb/usr/bin/pg_basebackup/usr/bin/pg_controldata/usr/bin/pg_ctl/usr/bin/pg_receivexlog/usr/bin/pg_resetxlog/usr/bin/postgres/usr/bin/postgresql-check-db-dir/usr/bin/postgresql-setup/usr/bin/postmaster/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/postgresql.conf/var/lib/pgsql/var/lib/pgsql/.bash_profile/var/lib/pgsql/backups/var/lib/pgsql/data/var/run/postgresql、#启动postgresql#直接启动会报错：[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start postgresql.serviceJob for postgresql.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status postgresql.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.#上面是提示数据库还没有初始化，所以我们先初始化一下postgresql-setup initdbInitializing database ... OK #提示初始化成功#重新启动Postgresql[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start postgresql.service[root@node1 ~]# netstat -tnlpProto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp  0  0 127.0.0.1:5432  0.0.0.0:*  LISTEN  1512/postgres  tcp6  0  0 ::1:5432    :::*  LISTEN  1512/postgres #查看运行状态[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status postgresql.service● postgresql.service - PostgreSQL database server Active: active (running) since Sat 2016-11-26 22:49:07 CST; 1min 33s ago#切换到操作系统下的“postgres”用户，登录数据库[root@node1 ~]# su - postgres-bash-4.2$ psqlpsql (9.2.15)Type "help" for help.postgres=# helpYou are using psql, the command-line interface to PostgreSQL.Type: /copyright for distribution terms  /h for help with SQL commands  /? for help with psql commands  /g or terminate with semicolon to execute query  /q to quit#到此为止，基本安装已经完成。

#开始编译安装[root@node1 soft]# tar xf postgresql-9.6.1.tar.bz2[root@node1 soft]# cd postgresql-9.6.1# yum -y groupinstall "Development tools" #开发包组# yum -y install perl-ExtUtils-Embed readline-devel zlib-devel python-devel #依赖包# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/postgresql-9.6.1 --with-perl --with-python --with-blocksize=32 --with-wal-blocksize=64 --with-wal-segsize=64# make && make install#安装后的配置[root@node1 postgresql-9.6.1]# cat /etc/profile.d/postgresql.shexport PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgsql/binexport PGDATA=/data/pgdata[root@node1 postgresql-9.6.1]# source /etc/profile.d/postgresql.sh[root@node1 postgresql-9.6.1]# echo "/usr/local/pgsql/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/pgsql.conf[root@node1 postgresql-9.6.1]# ldconfig#创建数据库目录并初始化数据库[root@node1 postgresql-9.6.1]# mkdir /data/pgdata/[root@node1 postgresql-9.6.1]# chown -R postgres.postgres /data/pgdata/[root@node1 postgresql-9.6.1]# su - postgres-bash-4.2$ initdbThe database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8".The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".The default text search configuration will be set to "english".fixing permissions on existing directory /data/pgdata ... okcreating subdirectories ... okselecting default max_connections ... 100selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MBselecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posixcreating configuration files ... okrunning bootstrap script ... okperforming post-bootstrap initialization ... oksyncing data to disk ... okSuccess. You can now start the database server using: pg_ctl -D /data/pgdata -l logfile start#安装contrib目录下的工具# cd postgresql-9.6.1/contrib/# make# make install#启动和停止数据库# pg_ctl start -D $PGDATA #PGDATA是pgsql的数据目录# pg_ctl stop -D $PGDATA [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]其中-m是制定数据库的停止方法，有以下三种smart：等所有的连接中止后，关闭数据库。如果客户端不中止，则无法关闭数据库。fast：快速关闭数据库，断开客户端的连接，让已有的事务回滚，然后正常关闭数据库。immediate：立即关闭数据库，相当于数据库进程立即停止，直接退出，下次启动数据库需要进行修复。

在数据目录下编辑postgresql.conf文件，找到如下内容：#listen_addresses = 'localhost'   # what IP address(es) to listen on;#port = 5432       # (change requires restart)listen_addresses表示要监听的地址，要让网络上的主机登录这台数据库，需要把这个地址改成"*"，或者0.0.0.0。port表示监听的端口，可以不更改，修改这两个参数后，需要重启才能生效。#与数据库Log相关的参数logging_collector = on #日志的收集，on表示打开log_directory = 'pg_log' #定义日志的收集目录日志的切换和是否选择覆盖则可以使用如下几种方案方案一：每天生产一个新的日志文件log_filename = ‘postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'log_truncate_on_rotation = offlog_rotation_age = 1dlog_rotation_size = 0方案二：每当日志写满一定的大小（如10MB空间），则切换一个日志log_filename = ‘postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'log_truncate_on_rotation = offlog_rotation_age = 0log_rotation_size = 10M方案三：只保留7天的日志，进行循环覆盖 log_filename = ‘postgresql-%a.log'log_truncate_on_rotation = offlog_rotation_age = 1dlog_rotation_size = 0