C语言数据结构中二分查找递归非递归实现并分析
前言:
二分查找在有序数列的查找过程中算法复杂度低,并且效率很高。因此较为受我们追捧。其实二分查找算法,是一个很经典的算法。但是呢,又容易写错。因为总是考虑不全边界问题。
用非递归简单分析一下,在编写过程中,如果编写的是以下的代码:
#include<iostream>#include<assert.h>using namespace std;int binaty_search(int* arr, size_t n, int x){ assert(arr); int left = 0; int right = n - 1; while (left <= right) { int mid = (left + right) / 2; if (x < arr[mid]) { right = mid-1; } else if (x > arr[mid]) { left = mid+1; } else return mid; } return -1;}int main(){ int arr[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 0) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 1) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 2) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 3) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 4) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 5) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 6) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 7) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 8) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 9) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 10) << endl; return 0;}
那么我们可以简单分析一下:
如果是以下这样的代码实现:
#include<iostream>#include<assert.h>using namespace std;int binaty_search(int* arr, size_t n, int x){ assert(arr); int left = 0; int right = n; while (left < right) { int mid = (left + right) / 2; if (x < arr[mid]) { right = mid; } else if (x > arr[mid]) { left = mid + 1; } else return mid; } return -1;}int main(){ int arr[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 0) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 1) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 2) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 3) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 4) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 5) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 6) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 7) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 8) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 9) << endl; cout << binaty_search(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int), 10) << endl; return 0;}
那么可以简单分析一下为:
同样,递归实现的条件也分为两种,我就只演示一种,代码如下:
#include<iostream>#include<assert.h>using namespace std;int binaty_srarch(int* arr, int x, int left, int right){ assert(arr); int mid; if (left <= right) { mid = (left + right) / 2; if (arr[mid] == x) { return mid; } else if (x < arr[mid]) { return binaty_srarch(arr, x, left, right - 1); } else if (x>arr[mid]) { return binaty_srarch(arr, x, left + 1, right); } } return -1;}int main(){ int arr[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }; cout << binaty_srarch(arr, 0, 0, (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int)) - 1) << endl; cout << binaty_srarch(arr, 1, 0, (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int)) - 1) << endl; cout << binaty_srarch(arr, 2, 0, (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int)) - 1) << endl; cout << binaty_srarch(arr, 3, 0, (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int)) - 1) << endl; cout << binaty_srarch(arr, 4, 0, (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int)) - 1) << endl; cout << binaty_srarch(arr, 5, 0, (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int)) - 1) << endl; cout << binaty_srarch(arr, 6, 0, (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int)) - 1) << endl; cout << binaty_srarch(arr, 7, 0, (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int)) - 1) << endl; cout << binaty_srarch(arr, 8, 0, (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int)) - 1) << endl; cout << binaty_srarch(arr, 9, 0, (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int)) - 1) << endl; cout << binaty_srarch(arr, 10, 0, (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int)) - 1) << endl; return 0;}
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