C语言实现简单学生管理系统

2020-01-26 13:48:47

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花了一个月的时间，学习了链表，文件，多文件编程，然后就开始写学生管理系统，比较简单的那种，实现了增，添，改，查，多种排序，输入的时候的限定，成绩分析的功能。遇到的问题很多，也尝试解决了，下面写点写学生管理系统的要注意的地方，希望对别人有帮助。

1.一定要先写好主函数的框架，然后再往上面加东西，这样说有点笼统，我把我的主函数在下面，可以借鉴下哈。我的主函数是一个while(1)的无限循环，里面一个switch选择，利用一个菜单函数，让其返回值当成switch选择的值，然后进入不同的功能主函数，其他功能主函数和主函数的套路一样。

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {  login(); //这是个的介绍自己的函数   Sleep(1000);   //睡眠函数  while(1)  {   switch(menu()) //主菜单选择函数   {    case 1:     system("CLS"); //清屏函数     printf("/t/t________学生成绩添加_______");     head=luru();     cr(head);     int choice;     scanf("%d",&choice);     if(choice==0)      break;    case 2:     system("CLS");     //printf("/t/t_________学生成绩排序和删除___/d");     paxu();     int end;     scanf("%d",&end);     if(end==0)      break;    case 3:     system("CLS");     printf("/t/t__________成绩的修改__________");     xg();     int a;     scanf("%d",&a);     if(a==0)      break;    case 4:     system("CLS");     printf("/t/t___________学生信息分析_______");     fx();     int b;      scanf("%d",&b);     if(b==0)      break;    case 5:     system("CLS");     printf("/t/t___________谢谢使用哈_______/n");     Sleep(1000);     exit(-1);      break;    }   system("PAUSE");  } return 0;}

2.输入模块一定要注意输入的格式，我采用的尾插法，每次处理好一个节点后就让用户判定是否继续输入，在格式控制方面，我当用户输入一次，就判定它是否符号规范，如果不规范，就重新输入。最后存入文件中。

3.一定要把函数写的利用率高一点，这样就可以减少代码的重复书写，这个全凭自己的写代码的风格了，我自己在这点也没有做太好，反省中，以前刚开始学c的时候有人说c语言的主体是函数，不太懂，等写完这个，感觉说的真的很对，c语言的函数写好后，在该用的时候直接引用，很方便。

完整代码

主函数

main.c

#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include "student.h" #include <string.h>/* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {  login();  //struct student *head;  Sleep(1000);  while(1)  {   switch(menu())   {    case 1:     system("CLS");     printf("/t/t________学生成绩添加_______");     head=luru();     cr(head);     int choice;     scanf("%d",&choice);     if(choice==0)      break;    case 2:     system("CLS");     //printf("/t/t_________学生成绩排序和删除___/d");     paxu();     int end;     scanf("%d",&end);     if(end==0)      break;    case 3:     system("CLS");     printf("/t/t__________成绩的修改__________");     xg();     int a;     scanf("%d",&a);     if(a==0)      break;    case 4:     system("CLS");     printf("/t/t___________学生信息分析_______");     fx();     int b;      scanf("%d",&b);     if(b==0)      break;    case 5:     system("CLS");     printf("/t/t___________谢谢使用哈_______/n");     Sleep(1000);     exit(-1);      break;    }   system("PAUSE");  } return 0;}

函数声明

student.h

#include <stdio.h>struct student *temp;struct student *head;struct student{ int num; char name[6]; int yw; int sx; int yy; struct student*next;};int menu();void login();struct student* luru();void cr(struct student *h);struct student*cc();int menu1();void paxu();void px1();void px2();void px3();void px4();void sanch();void tj();void xg();void fx();

函数定义

student.c

#include <stdio.h>#include "student.h"#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>int menu(){ char n;  do{ system("cls"); printf("/t/t/t|-------------------------------------------------|/n"); printf("/t/t/t| *****学生管理系统*****   |/n"); printf("/t/t/t|-------------------------------------------------|/n"); printf("/t/t/t|  1.学生成绩录入    |/n"); printf("/t/t/t|  2.学生成绩排序和删除   |/n"); printf("/t/t/t|  3.成绩的修改    |/n");  printf("/t/t/t|  4.学生成绩分析    |/n"); printf("/t/t/t|  5.退出程序    |/n");  printf("/t/t/t---------------------------------------------------/n"); printf("请选择1-5："); n=getch();  }while(n<'0'||n>'5'); return(n-48);}void login(){ printf("/n/n/n/t/t/t 学生信息管理系统/n/n"); printf("/t/t/t 版本号：0.2/n/n"); printf("/n/n/n/n/t/t/t 2017年5月10日/n/n"); printf("/n/n/t/t/t sakurakid/n");} struct student *luru(){ struct student*rhead ,*r,*t,*stu; rhead=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student)); t=rhead; rhead->next=NULL; char xx; int flag=1; printf("/t/t_____________________________/n"); printf("/t/t| 学生管理系统 |/n"); printf("/t/t_____________________________/n"); printf("/t/t|    |/n"); printf("/t/t| 输入1添加  |/n"); printf("/t/t| 输入0退出  |/n"); printf("/t/t|___________________________|/n");  while(xx!='1'&&xx!='0') { xx=getch(); } if(xx=='1') { system("CLS"); do{  system("CLS");  stu=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));  printf("/t/t_____________________________/n");  printf("/t/t| 学生管理系统 |/n");  printf("/t/t|___________________________|/n");  printf("/t/t|    |/n");  printf("/t/t| 输入1添加  |/n");  printf("/t/t| 输入0退出  |/n");  printf("/t/t|___________________________|/n");   printf("/t/t学号: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);  if(stu->num > 99999999||stu->num < 10000000)  {  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t_请输入8位非负数__/n");  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t重新输入学号: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);  }  printf("/t/t姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);  if(stu->name[0] > 0)  {  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t______姓名请输入汉字__/n");  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t重新输入姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);  }  printf("/t/t语文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);  printf("/t/t数学: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);  printf("/t/t英语: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);  if(stu->sx<0||stu->sx>100||stu->yw<0||stu->yw>100||stu->yy<0||stu->yy>100)  {  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t_成绩请输入0-100之间__/n");  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t重新输入成绩/n");  printf("/t/t语文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);  printf("/t/t数学: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);  printf("/t/t英语: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);  }  t->next=stu;  t=stu;  xx = getch();  printf("继续输入请按1，退出请按0：");   while(xx!='1'&&xx!='0')  {  xx=getch();  } }while(xx=='1'); t->next=NULL; } return (rhead);}void cr(struct student *h){ struct student *stu; FILE*fp; if((fp=fopen("学生信息.txt","wt"))==NULL) { printf("文件出错233，按任意键退出！"); getch(); exit(1);  } for(stu=h->next;stu!=NULL;stu=stu->next) { fprintf(fp,"%d %s %d %d %d/n",stu->num,stu->name,stu->yw,stu->sx,stu->yy); } fclose(fp);}struct student*cc(){ struct student*ahead,*r,*stu; FILE*f1; f1=fopen("学生信息.txt","rt"); ahead=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student)); ahead->next=NULL; r=ahead; while(!feof(f1)) { stu=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student)); fscanf(f1,"%d %s %d %d %d/n",&stu->num,stu->name,&stu->yw,&stu->sx,&stu->yy);  r->next=stu; r=stu; } r->next=NULL; fclose(f1); return ahead; }int menu1(){ system("CLS"); char n; do{ system("CLS"); printf("/t/t__________________________________________________/n"); printf("/t/t|      |/n"); printf("/t/t| 1.顺序排序 2.按英语排序 3.按语文排序 |/n"); printf("/t/t| 4.按数学排序 5.删除学生 6.添加学生 |/n"); printf("/t/t|      |/n"); printf("/t/t|______________按0退出___________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t请选择0-6："); n=getch();  }while(n<'0'||n>'6'); return (n-48); } void paxu(){ system("CLS"); char n; do{ switch(menu1()) { case 1:  px1();  break; case 2:  system("CLS");  px2();  break; case 3:  system("CLS");  px3();  break; case 4:  system("CLS");  px4();  break; case 5:  system("CLS");  sanch();  break; case 6:  system("CLS");  tj();  break; } printf("继续输入请按1，退出请按0："); n=getch(); while(n!='1'&&n!='0')  {  n=getch();  } }while(n=='1'); if(n=='0') return;}void px1(){ struct student *t,*h;  h=cc(); printf("/n"); printf("/t/t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s/n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分"); printf("/t/t--------------------------------------------------------------/n"); for(t=h->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next) { printf("/t/t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%/n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy); } }void px2(){ struct student *p,*q,*head,*t;  head=cc(); int tnum; char tname[6]; int tyw; int tsx; int tyy; for(p = head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){ for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){  if(p->yy < q->yy)  {  tnum=p->num;  p->num=q->num;  q->num=tnum;  strcpy(tname,p->name);  strcpy(p->name,q->name);  strcpy(q->name,tname);  tyw=p->yw;  p->yw=q->yw;  q->yw=tyw;  tsx=p->sx;  p->sx=q->sx;  q->sx=tsx;  tyy=p->yy;  p->yy=q->yy;  q->yy=tyy;  } }  } printf("/t/t   英语排序     /n"); printf("/t/t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s/n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分"); printf("/t/t--------------------------------------------------------------/n"); for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next) { printf("/t/t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%/n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy); } }void px3(){ struct student *p,*q,*head,*t;  head=cc(); int tnum; char tname[6]; int tyw; int tsx; int tyy; for(p = head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){ for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){  if(p->yw < q->yw)  {  tnum=p->num;  p->num=q->num;  q->num=tnum;  strcpy(tname,p->name);  strcpy(p->name,q->name);  strcpy(q->name,tname);  tyw=p->yw;  p->yw=q->yw;  q->yw=tyw;  tsx=p->sx;  p->sx=q->sx;  q->sx=tsx;  tyy=p->yy;  p->yy=q->yy;  q->yy=tyy;   } }  } printf("/t/t   语文排序     /n"); printf("/t/t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s/n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分"); printf("/t/t--------------------------------------------------------------/n"); for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next) { printf("/t/t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%/n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy); } }void px4(){ struct student *p,*q,*head,*t;  head=cc(); int tnum; char tname[6]; int tyw; int tsx; int tyy; for(p = head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){ for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){  if(p->sx < q->sx)  {  tnum=p->num;  p->num=q->num;  q->num=tnum;  strcpy(tname,p->name);  strcpy(p->name,q->name);  strcpy(q->name,tname);  tyw=p->yw;  p->yw=q->yw;  q->yw=tyw;  tsx=p->sx;  p->sx=q->sx;  q->sx=tsx;  tyy=p->yy;  p->yy=q->yy;  q->yy=tyy;  } }  } printf("/t/t   数学排序     /n"); printf("/t/t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s/n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分"); printf("/t/t--------------------------------------------------------------/n"); for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next) { printf("/t/t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%/n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy); } }void sanch(){ px1(); struct student *p,*q,*phead,*t,*m;  phead=cc(); int n; int flag=0; printf("/t/t____________________________________________________/n"); printf("/t/t|______________删除学生信息_________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t|___________________________________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t请输入要删除的学生学号："); scanf("%d",&n); p=phead; for(m=phead;m!=NULL;m=m->next) { if(m->num==n) {  printf("/t/t已经查到改学生的信息/n");  flag=0;  break; } else  flag=1;  } if(flag==1) printf("/t/t抱歉，没有查到该学生的信息/n"); if(flag==0) { if(phead->num==n) {  phead=phead->next; } else { while(p->num!=n && p->next!=NULL) {  t=p;  p=p->next; } if(p->num==n) {  t->next=p->next; } } printf("/t/t该学生信息已删除/n"); } cr(phead);}void tj(){ struct student *phead,*stu;  phead=cc(); printf("/t/t____________________________________________________/n"); printf("/t/t|______________添加学生信息_________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t|___________________________________________________|/n"); stu=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student)); printf("/t/t学号: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);  if(stu->num > 99999999||stu->num < 10000000)  {  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t_请输入8位非负数__/n");  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t重新输入学号: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);  }  printf("/t/t姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);  if(stu->name[0] > 0)  {  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t______姓名请输入汉字__/n");  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t重新输入姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);  }  printf("/t/t语文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);  printf("/t/t数学: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);  printf("/t/t英语: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);  if(stu->sx<0||stu->sx>100||stu->yw<0||stu->yw>100||stu->yy<0||stu->yy>100)  {  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t_成绩请输入0-100之间__/n");  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t重新输入成绩/n");  printf("/t/t语文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);  printf("/t/t数学: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);  printf("/t/t英语: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);  }  stu->next=phead->next; phead->next=stu; printf("/t/t学生信息已存入/n"); cr(phead);}void xg(){ system("CLS"); char n; do{ system("CLS"); px1(); struct student *p,*q,*phead,*t,*m;  int flag=0; int timp;  phead=cc(); printf("/t/t____________________________________________________/n"); printf("/t/t|______________修改学生信息_________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t|___________________________________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t请输入要修改的学生学号："); scanf("%d",&timp); p=phead; for(m=phead;m!=NULL;m=m->next) { if(m->num==timp) {  printf("/t/t已经查到改学生的信息/n");  flag=0;  break; } else  flag=1;  } if(flag==1) printf("/t/t抱歉，没有查到该学生的信息/n"); if(flag==0) { printf("/t/t该学生的原信息如下/n"); printf("/t/t学号：%d/n",m->num); printf("/t/t姓名：%s/n",m->name); printf("/t/t语文：%d/n",m->yw); printf("/t/t数学：%d/n",m->sx); printf("/t/t英语：%d/n/n",m->yy); printf("/t/t请重新输入该学生的信息/n"); printf("/t/t学号: ");scanf("%d",&m->num);  if(m->num > 99999999||m->num < 10000000)  {  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t_请输入8位非负数__/n");  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t重新输入学号: ");scanf("%d",&m->num);  }  printf("/t/t姓名: ");scanf("%s",m->name);  if(m->name[0] > 0)  {  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t______姓名请输入汉字__/n");  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t重新输入姓名: ");scanf("%s",m->name);  }  printf("/t/t语文: ");scanf("%d",&m->yw);  printf("/t/t数学: ");scanf("%d",&m->sx);  printf("/t/t英语: ");scanf("%d",&m->yy);  if(m->sx<0||m->sx>100||m->yw<0||m->yw>100||m->yy<0||m->yy>100)  {  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t_成绩请输入0-100之间__/n");  printf("/t/t______________________/n");  printf("/t/t重新输入成绩/n");  printf("/t/t语文: ");scanf("%d",&m->yw);  printf("/t/t数学: ");scanf("%d",&m->sx);  printf("/t/t英语: ");scanf("%d",&m->yy);  }   printf("/t/t该学生信息已修改/n");  cr(phead); } printf("继续修改请按1，退出请按0："); n=getch(); while(n!='1'&&n!='0') { n=getch(); }  }while(n=='1'); if(n=='0') return;} void fx(){ struct student *p,*q,*phead,*t,*m;  int flag=0; int jyw=0; int jsx=0; int jyy=0; int timp; int n=0;  phead=cc(); p=phead; for(t=p->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next) { n++; if(t->sx>=60)  jsx++; if(t->yw>=60)  jyw++; if(t->yy>=60)  jyy++; }  printf("/t/t____________________________________________________/n"); printf("/t/t|______________学生成绩分析_________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t|___________________________________________________|/n"); printf("/t/t一共录入了%d个学生成绩/n",n); printf("/t/t语文及格人数为%d/n",jyw); printf("/t/t数学及格人数为%d/n",jsx); printf("/t/t英语及格人数为%d/n",jyy);  printf("/t/t分析完毕/n"); printf("退出请按0："); }

总结

以上就是我要说的了哈，忙了一个月，学的东西也都用上了，只要链表，文件会的话，写个简单的学生管理系统很简单的，希望对大家有帮助，自己也要学新东西了，如果有问题的话，欢迎支持大家指出，其实还有很多功能自己没写，比如多端登陆，图形界面等等，跟别人的差距蛮大的。

更多学习资料请关注专题《管理系统开发》。

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