C语言利用模板实现简单的栈类

2020-01-26 13:35:26

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本文实例为大家分享了C语言利用模板实现简单的栈类（数组和单链表），供大家参考，具体内容如下

主要的功能是实现一个后进先出的列表，有入栈、出栈、返回大小、判空等基本功能

#pragma onceusing namespace std;const int MAXSIZE = 0xfff;template<class type>class Class_Linkstack{  int top;  type* my_s;  int max_size;public:  Class_Linkstack() :top(-1), max_size(MAXSIZE)  {    my_s = new type[max_size];     if (my_s == NULL)    {      cerr << "动态存储分配失败！" << endl;      exit(1);    }  }  Class_Linkstack(int size) :top(-1), max_size(size)  {    my_s = new type[size];    if (my_s == NULL)    {      cerr << "动态存储分配失败！" << endl;      exit(1);    }  }  ~Class_Linkstack() { delete[] my_s; }  bool Empty_Linkstack();  void Push_Linkstack(type tp);  void Pop_Linkstack();  type Top_Linkstack();  int Size_Linkstack();    void Print_Linkstack();};template<class type>void Class_Linkstack<type>::Print_Linkstack(){  if (top == -1)    cout << "空栈" << endl;  else  {    for (int i = 0; i < top+1; i++)      cout << my_s[i] << '/t';  }}template<class type>bool Class_Linkstack<type>::Empty_Linkstack(){  if (top == -1)    return true;  else  {    return false;  }}template<class type>void Class_Linkstack<type>::Push_Linkstack(type tp){  if (top + 1 < max_size)    my_s[++top] = tp;  else  {    cout << "栈已满" << endl;    exit(1);  }}template<class type>void Class_Linkstack<type>::Pop_Linkstack(){  if (top == -1)  {    cout << "为空栈" << endl;    exit(1);  }  else  {    my_s[top--] = 0;  }}template<class type>type Class_Linkstack<type>::Top_Linkstack(){  if (top != -1)    return my_s[top];  else  {    cout << "为空栈" << endl;    exit(1);  }}template<class type>int Class_Linkstack<type>::Size_Linkstack(){  return top + 1;}

测试代码

#include "Class_Linkstack.h"int main(){  Class_Linkstack<int> sk1(5);  for (int i = 0; i < 5;i++ )    sk1.Push_Linkstack(i * 2 + 1);  sk1.Print_Linkstack();   system("pause");  return 0;}

补充（通过单链表实现）

上面是通过数组来实现，与数组相比，链表实现更灵活，更容易增删元素。
单链表实现的核心思想是不断更新栈顶指针，来实现出栈压栈，每一个节点是一个结构体，包含一个value和一个next指针指向下一个元素，初始化时将栈顶指针置为NULL。

#pragma onceusing namespace std;template<class type>struct listnode{  type value;  listnode* next;  listnode(type v,listnode* p):value(v),next(p){ }};template<class type>class List_stack{  listnode<type>* top;  int size = 0;public:  List_stack();  void Push(type &tp);  void Pop();  bool Empty();  int Size();  void Print();  ~List_stack()  {    while (top)    {      listnode<type> * p = top;      top = top->next;      delete p;    }  }};template<class type>bool List_stack<type>::Empty(){  if (top == NULL)    return true;  else  {    return false;  }}template<class type>List_stack<type>::List_stack(){  top = NULL;  size = 0;}template<class type>void List_stack<type>::Push(type &tp){  listnode<type> *tmp=new listnode<type>(tp,top);  top = tmp;  size++;}template<class type>void List_stack<type>::Pop(){  if (top == NULL)  {    cout << "为空栈" << endl;  }  else  {    top = top->next;    size--;  }}template<class type>int List_stack<type>::Size(){  return size;}template<class type>void List_stack<type>::Print(){  listnode<type>* tmp = top;  while (tmp != NULL)  {    cout << tmp->value << '/t';    tmp = tmp->next;  }}

简单测试：

int main(){  List_stack<int> ls;  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)    ls.Push(i);  ls.Print();  ls.Pop();  ls.Pop();  cout << endl;  ls.Print();  cout << endl;  cout << ls.Size();  system("pause");  return 0;}