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C# WinForm国际化实现的简单方法

2020-01-24 02:54:23
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软件行业发展到今天,国际化问题一直都占据非常重要的位置,而且应该越来越被重视。对于开发人员而言,在编写程序之前,国际化问题是首先要考虑的一个问题,也许有时候这个问题已经在设计者的考虑范围之内,但终归要开发人员去做实现的。因此,如何实现国际化,是开发人员必须掌握的一项基本技能。
今天,这里要讲的就是,在利用C#进行WinForm开发时,国际化是怎么实现的。鉴于时间及篇幅关系,这里仅仅介绍一种简单的国际化实现方法,可能这里提到的方法已经有非常多人提到过,但笔者还是不厌其烦地介绍一下。
要在C#中实现国际化,需要相关资源文件,比如要在一个软件中支持英文、中文两种语言,那么就必须有这两种语言的资源文件,这在C#中可以采用资源文件(后缀名为.resx)来实现,我们不妨定义英文资源文件名称为Resource.en-US,中文资源文件名称为Resource.zh-CN,两种资源文件所涉及的ID都应该是一样的(这对于其他更多的资源文件均是一样的),只不过是展示的名称不同罢了。
有了这两种资源文件,接下来就要考虑如何做的问题了。为了适应多处使用的情形,这里笔者单独编写了一个类ResourceCulture,该类包含了一些静态方法,主要作用是用来设置当前语言及返回当前的语言的相关字符串。该类代码如下:

复制代码 代码如下:

using System.Reflection;
using System.Resources;
using System.Threading;
using System.Globalization;

namespace GlobalizationTest
{
    class ResourceCulture
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Set current culture by name
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name">name</param>
        public static void SetCurrentCulture(string name)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
            {
                name = "en-US";
            }

            Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new CultureInfo(name);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get string by id
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id">id</param>
        /// <returns>current language string</returns>
        public static string GetString(string id)
        {
            string strCurLanguage = "";

            try
            {
                ResourceManager rm = new ResourceManager("GlobalizationTest.Resource", Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
                CultureInfo ci = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
                strCurLanguage = rm.GetString(id, ci);
            }
            catch
            {
                strCurLanguage = "No id:" + id + ", please add.";
            }

            return strCurLanguage;
        }
    }
}

在Form1中的代码如下:

复制代码 代码如下:

/**
 * This project is just a example to show how to do the globalization in C# winform.
 * You and rebuild and/or modify it by yourself if you want.
 * Specially, this project was created in Visual Studio 2010.
 *
 * Project Name : GlobalizationTest
 * Create Date  : April 29th, 2010
 * */

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace GlobalizationTest
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Set the resource culture
        /// </summary>
        private void SetResourceCulture()
        {
            // Set the form title text
            this.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_frmText");

            // Set the groupbox text
            this.gbLanguageView.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_gbLanguageViewText");
            this.gbLanguageSelection.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_gbLanguageSelectionText");

            // Set the label text
            this.lblCurLanguageText.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_lblCurLanguageText");
            this.lblNameText.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_lblNameText");
            this.lblPhoneText.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_lblPhoneText");   

            // Set the button text
            this.btnMsgShow.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_btnMsgShowText");

            // Set radiobutton text
            this.rbEnglish.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Language_EnglishText");
            this.rbChinese.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Language_ChineseText");

            // Set the current language text
            if (rbEnglish.Checked)
            {
                this.lblCurLanguage.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Language_EnglishText");
            }
            else if (rbChinese.Checked)
            {
                this.lblCurLanguage.Text = ResourceCulture.GetString("Language_ChineseText");
            }
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // Set the default language
            ResourceCulture.SetCurrentCulture("en-US");

            this.SetResourceCulture();
        }

        private void btnMsgShow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(txtName.Text))
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_msgbox_nameText"), ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_msgbox_TitleText"),
                    MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation);
                return;
            }

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(txtPhone.Text))
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_msgbox_phoneText"), ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_msgbox_TitleText"),
                    MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation);
                return;
            }

            MessageBox.Show(ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_msgbox_InfoText") + txtName.Text + ", " + txtPhone.Text,
                ResourceCulture.GetString("Form1_msgbox_TitleText"), MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
        }

        private void rbEnglish_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            ResourceCulture.SetCurrentCulture("en-US");
            this.SetResourceCulture();
        }

        private void rbChinese_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            ResourceCulture.SetCurrentCulture("zh-CN");
            this.SetResourceCulture();
        }
    }
}

最终的效果如下图1和图2所示:

图1

归结起来,要在C#的WinForm中实现国际化,至少需要做好以下几点:
(1)准备所需资源文件(如本文中提到的英文和中文资源文件);
(2)引入命名空间(包括:System.Reflection、System.Resources、System.Threading和System.Globalization);
(3)实例化资源管理器(即ResourceManager);
(4)设置当前进程的语言区域;
(5)通过资源管理器从指定的资源文件中获取所需值。
通过上述的方法即可简单实现国际化。

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