C#为配置文件加密的实现方法

2020-01-24 02:20:36

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本文实例讲述了C#为配置文件加密的实现方法，分享给大家供大家参考。具体实现方法如下：

一般来说，在web.config或app.config文件里我们经常会存储一些敏感信息，比如connectionStrings或者appSettings，比如像下面的文件。

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
    <system.web>
      <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" />
    </system.web>
    <connectionStrings>
      <add name="MyNwConnectionString" connectionString="Server=myServerAddress;Database=myDataBase;User Id=myUsername; Password=myPassword;"/>
    </connectionStrings>
    <appSettings>
      <add key="User" value="myUsername"/>
      <add key="Password" value="myPassword"/>
    </appSettings>
</configuration>

复制代码代码如下:

using System;
using System.Configuration;

namespace WebConfigEncryptTest
{
    public partial class WebForm1 : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string user = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("User");
            string password = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("Password");
            string connectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["MyNwConnectionString"].ConnectionString;
        }
    }
}

一、加密文件可以使用的Provider

.NET为我们提供了一个工具aspnet_regiis.exe来对web.config文件中的敏感信息进行加密（app.config文件可以先改名为web.config，加密后再改回app.config）。你可以使用两个provider中的一个来进行加密：

System.Configuration.DPAPIProtectedConfigurationProvider：在System.Configuration.dll中，使用Windows DPAPI（Data Protection API）来进行加密，密钥存在Windows Local Security Authority（LSA）中。

注意：当使用DPAPIProtectedConfigurationProvider时，加密文件所使用的帐号需要与运行web application的帐号相同，否则web application无法解密加密的内容。
System.Configuration.RSAProtectedConfigurationProvider：在System.Configuration.dll中，使用RSA算法来进行加密（RSA算法是非对称加密，具体可参见前面一篇文章C#对称加密与非对称加密），公钥存放在config文件当中，只有加密的计算机有密钥。RSAProtectedConfigurationProvider通常是默认的缺省provider。

二、加密文件的命令

加密web.config文件可以使用：

复制代码代码如下:

aspnet_regiis -pef section web-app-physical-dir

Encrypt the configuration section. Optional arguments:

[-prov provider] Use this provider to encrypt.

比如运行下面的命令就会分别对connectionStrings和appSettings中的信息进行加密：

复制代码代码如下:

aspnet_regiis.exe -pef "connectionStrings" "C:/myweb/HelloService"

aspnet_regiis.exe -pef "appSettings" "C:/myweb/HelloService"

加密后的web.config文件变成：

复制代码代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
    <system.web>
      <compilation targetFramework="4.0" />
    </system.web>
    <connectionStrings configProtectionProvider="RsaProtectedConfigurationProvider">
        <EncryptedData Type="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Element"
            xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#">
            <EncryptionMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#tripledes-cbc" />
            <KeyInfo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
                <EncryptedKey xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#">
                    <EncryptionMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#rsa-1_5" />
                    <KeyInfo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
                        <KeyName>Rsa Key</KeyName>
                    </KeyInfo>
                    <CipherData>
                        <CipherValue>E2fO9C0TJVxImLYQZza+fCQdDbTpNh/kOKLRsK6zcFjkgtUCl6SnMViuu/2G1NVTxqXyEWYwyK6AiCZA+feeG/AvYvmEEVopVDb0YyGeuJgEI1r8HxTl8Cv+f2EIimP7LJI+JRZVerI4MU6Ke3wxm2S/ATc73/W6eg9808f4/D6J0pp3wND4E79gBiAnBHFYQIefdJYUsmHR9z9LiIqjCllkkj/JB0kso0kGJ9i+iew1Jae5jugIN8gPxsXbCfmw6ru3I3Kbpa8Z5AllfkFA2YKrsuV3c7eLLJ0kB4lsIJIUTy3kRyA4GjdChOmlNwwffIbhwUPPxa25CiF0VAq27Q==</CipherValue>
                    </CipherData>
                </EncryptedKey>
            </KeyInfo>
            <CipherData>
                <CipherValue>I1DWG11Iz/rq+NC9C/21B3Q22J9+IexHPH6kkWvQPeHUO6OvOWeQbk3wHALR2ql8pz0gQJFyfTypMk/xSSikFI2Dcy5mgYY3kP73bQQ83ho3O1HPw9TsRtK1G8gmVNGyQLj7iTRcoGfiYYmSibPynv1MzSV1qDXlnVfKiMqKRZ5ZPiMSMc5u3dDEL/JW1oCvAGs5tHrZU5+vgvm0yCmSuCWZbXva+iv9J35EQqs58pq+hwVo1hg1dffdupGCBykaXGl5VX3TIGc=</CipherValue>
            </CipherData>
        </EncryptedData>
    </connectionStrings>
    <appSettings configProtectionProvider="RsaProtectedConfigurationProvider">
        <EncryptedData Type="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Element"
            xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#">
            <EncryptionMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#tripledes-cbc" />
            <KeyInfo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
                <EncryptedKey xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#">
                    <EncryptionMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#rsa-1_5" />
                    <KeyInfo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
                        <KeyName>Rsa Key</KeyName>
                    </KeyInfo>
                    <CipherData>
                        <CipherValue>WVoFIs8rSEgqKw1C0QCmePs7WK6EIoGCfdx9CTJNmABoVvoEWPnOEQwz/6Ruu0rGwa7q91KuhGILmy4NEN0padnX6FScCdEzP6CS59U3IFumYmTrD7D9ihqFO2aIL/SuBvV3D2kxhHaYGFaPuvYgsyOLf3+aYR3O/uh/k5wZxLoIeKUUrT762J3bdaK6cJWQeuOu4j2vDXEdawdwhlnK12UV8+/AXZNlFW1N3Z0RUVFX1nMSwTaIu8F3tZ9hCFbGwbTm2T0XnfDOcB6dCxCutqC8pXD36laAfiSANzAWoC+Yhf5eFSj24fX0NU6UTQB8fqLyOgWsIMLxZLKVrwnlmg==</CipherValue>
                    </CipherData>
                </EncryptedKey>
            </KeyInfo>
            <CipherData>
                <CipherValue>5W2KhG/oETLUDptobcOM52x1qD/g9A0By/wcGXI+fm7EdcD8mT3TxsLVBVcHRBCyUO7OIHl8NyCrduRSYwyd8ggBCriQ5KrbAmW4LXrNnw/JjjCEJWPuRcRucVRfpgap2nHh6BXRXC/AU6v0GcRqy7LV8179PgGtyAa8IE1mV/w=</CipherValue>
            </CipherData>
        </EncryptedData>
    </appSettings>
</configuration>