这篇文章主要介绍了举例讲解Django中数据模型访问外键值的方法,Django是最具人气的Python web开发框架,需要的朋友可以参考下
先设置一个关于书本(book)的数据模型:
- from django.db import models
- class Publisher(models.Model):
- name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
- address = models.CharField(max_length=50)
- city = models.CharField(max_length=60)
- state_province = models.CharField(max_length=30)
- country = models.CharField(max_length=50)
- website = models.URLField()
- def __unicode__(self):
- return self.name
- class Author(models.Model):
- first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
- last_name = models.CharField(max_length=40)
- email = models.EmailField()
- def __unicode__(self):
- return u'%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
- class Book(models.Model):
- title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
- authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
- publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher)
- publication_date = models.DateField()
- def __unicode__(self):
- return self.title
访问外键(Foreign Key)值
当你获取一个ForeignKey 字段时,你会得到相关的数据模型对象。 例如:
- >>> b = Book.objects.get(id=50)
- >>> b.publisher
- <Publisher: Apress Publishing>
- >>> b.publisher.website
- u'http://www.apress.com/'
对于用`` ForeignKey`` 来定义的关系来说,在关系的另一端也能反向的追溯回来,只不过由于不对称性的关系而稍有不同。 通过一个`` publisher`` 对象,直接获取 books ,用 publisher.book_set.all() ,如下:
- >>> p = Publisher.objects.get(name='Apress Publishing')
- >>> p.book_set.all()
- [<Book: The Django Book>, <Book: Dive Into Python>, ...]
实际上,book_set 只是一个 QuerySet,所以它可以像QuerySet一样,能实现数据过滤和分切,例如:
- >>> p = Publisher.objects.get(name='Apress Publishing')
- >>> p.book_set.filter(name__icontains='django')
- [<Book: The Django Book>, <Book: Pro Django>]
属性名称book_set是由模型名称的小写(如book)加_set组成的。
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