本文是小编日常整理的些关于python执行系统命令常见的方法,比较全面,特此通过武林网这个平台把此篇文章分享给大家供大家参考
具体内容如下:
1 os.system
例如 ipython中运行如下命令,返回运行状态status
os.system('cat /etc/passwdqc.conf')
min=disabled,24,11,8,7
max=40
passphrase=3
match=4
similar=deny
random=47
enforce=everyone
retry=3
Out[6]: 0
2 os.popen()
popen(command [, mode='r' [, bufsize]]) -> pipe
Open a pipe to/from a command returning a file object.
运行返回结果
In [20]: output = os.popen('cat /proc/cpuinfo')
In [21]: lineLen = []
In [22]: for line in output.readlines():
lineLen.append(len(line))
....:
In [23]: line
line lineLen
In [23]: lineLen
Out[23]:
[14,
25,
...
3 如何同时返回结果和运行状态,commands模块:
- #String form: <module 'commands' from '/usr/lib64/python2.7/commands.pyc'>
- File: /usr/lib64/python2.7/commands.py
- Docstring:
- Execute shell commands via os.popen() and return status, output.
- Interface summary:
- import commands
- outtext = commands.getoutput(cmd)
- (exitstatus, outtext) = commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)
- outtext = commands.getstatus(file) # returns output of "ls -ld file"
- A trailing newline is removed from the output string.
- Encapsulates the basic operation:
- pipe = os.popen('{ ' + cmd + '; } 2>&1', 'r')
- text = pipe.read()
- sts = pipe.close()
commands示例如下:
In [24]: (status, output) = commands.getstatusoutput('cat /proc/cpuinfo')
In [25]: status
Out[25]: 0
In [26]: len(output)
Out[26]: 3859
4 使用模块subprocess
ipython 中运行"?subprocess"可以发现subprocess是python用来替换os.popen()等管道操作命令的新模块
A more real-world example would look like this:
- try:
- retcode = call("mycmd" + " myarg", shell=True)
- if retcode < 0:
- print >>sys.stderr, "Child was terminated by signal", -retcode
- else:
- print >>sys.stderr, "Child returned", retcode
- except OSError, e:
- print >>sys.stderr, "Execution failed:", e
相对于上面几种方式,subprocess便于控制和监控进程运行结果,subprocess提供多种函数便于应对父进程对子进程不同要求:
4.1.1 subprocess.call()
父进程父进程等待子进程完成,返回exit code
4.1.2 subprocess.check_call()
父进程等待子进程完成,返回0,如果returncode不为0,则举出错误subprocess.CalledProcessError,该对象包含有returncode属性,可用try...except...来检查
4.1.3 subprocess.check_output()
父进程等待子进程完成
返回子进程向标准输出的输出结果
检查退出信息,如果returncode不为0,则举出错误subprocess.CalledProcessError,该对象包含有returncode属性和output属性,output属性为标准输出的输出结果,可用try...except...来检查
例如:
In [32]: out = subprocess.call("ls -l", shell=True)
total 42244
-rw-rw-r--. 1 *** *** 366 May 26 09:10 ChangeLog
4.2.1
上面三个函数都是源于Popen()函数的wapper(封装),如果需要更加个性化应用,那么就需要使用popen()函数
Popen对象创建后,主程序不会自动等待子进程完成。我们必须调用对象的wait()方法,父进程才会等待 (也就是阻塞block)
- [wenwt@localhost syntax]$ rm subprocess.pyc
- [wenwt@localhost syntax]$ python process.py
- parent process
- [wenwt@localhost syntax]$ PING www.google.com (173.194.219.99) 56(84) bytes of data.
- ^C
- [wenwt@localhost syntax]$
- --- www.google.com ping statistics ---
- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 3999ms
加上wait方法:
- [wenwt@localhost syntax]$ python process.py
- PING www.google.com (173.194.219.103) 56(84) bytes of data.
- --- www.google.com ping statistics ---
- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 3999ms
- parent process
以上内容就是本文的全部叙述,希望大家喜欢。
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