最近在使用python做接口测试,发现python中http请求方法有许多种,今天抽点时间把相关内容整理,分享给大家,具体内容如下所示:
一、python自带库----urllib2
python自带库urllib2使用的比较多,简单使用如下:
import urllib2response = urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:8080/jenkins/api/json?pretty=true')print response.read()
简单的get请求
import urllib2import urllibpost_data = urllib.urlencode({})response = urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:8080/, post_data)print response.read()print response.getheaders()
这就是最简单的urllib2发送post例子。代码比较多
二、python自带库--httplib
httplib是一个相对底层的http请求模块,urlib就是基于httplib封装的。简单使用如下:
import httplibconn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.python.org")conn.request("GET", "/index.html")r1 = conn.getresponse()print r1.status, r1.reasondata1 = r1.read()conn.request("GET", "/parrot.spam")r2 = conn.getresponse()data2 = r2.read()conn.close()
简单的get请求
我们再来看post请求
import httplib, urllibparams = urllib.urlencode({'@number': 12524, '@type': 'issue', '@action': 'show'})headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Accept": "text/plain"}conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("bugs.python.org")conn.request("POST", "", params, headers)response = conn.getresponse()data = response.read()print dataconn.close()
是不是觉得太复杂了。每次写还得再翻文档,看看第三种吧
三、第三方库--requests
发请get请求超级简单:
print requests.get('http://localhost:8080).text
就一句话,再来看看post请求
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)print r.text
也很简单。
再看看如果要认证:
url = 'http://localhost:8080'r = requests.post(url, data={}, auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin'))print r.status_codeprint r.headersprint r.reason
是不是比urllib2更简单多了吧,且requests自带json解析。这点非常棒
python中的http请求
import urllibparams = urllib.urlencode({key:value,key:value})resultHtml = urllib.urlopen('[API or 网址]',params)result = resultHtml.read()print result