Python发送邮件需要smtplib和email两个模块。也正是由于我们在实际工作中可以导入这些模块,才使得处理工作中的任务变得更加的简单。今天,就来好好学习一下使用Python发送邮件吧。
SMTP是发送邮件的协议,Python内置对SMTP的支持,可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。
Python对SMTP支持有smtplib和email两个模块,email负责构造邮件,smtplib负责发送邮件。
1.邮件正文是文本的格式
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextimport smtplibimport sysimport csvimport xlrdfrom pyExcelerator import *import osimport xlwtfrom xlutils.copy import copyimport pyExceleratorimport datetimeimport timereload(sys)sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")mailto_list = [""] # 邮件接收方的邮件地址mail_host = "smtp.exmail.qq.com" # 邮件传送协议服务器mail_user = "" # 邮件发送方的邮箱账号mail_pass = "" # 邮件发送方的邮箱密码def send_mail(to_list, sub, content): me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">" msg = MIMEText(content, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8') msg['Subject'] = sub # 邮件主题 msg['From'] = me msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) try: server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect(mail_host) server.login(mail_user, mail_pass) server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) server.close() return True except Exception, e: print str(e) return Falseif __name__ == '__main__': sub = "天才白痴梦" content = '...' if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, content): print "发送成功" else: print "发送失败"
2.邮件正文是表格的格式:由于是表格,所以我们选择HTML来实现表格的功能,邮件上面显示的就是HTML实现的内容了。
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextimport smtplibimport sysimport csvimport xlrdfrom pyExcelerator import *import osimport xlwtfrom xlutils.copy import copyimport pyExceleratorimport datetimeimport timereload(sys)sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")mailto_list = [""] # 邮件接收方的邮件地址mail_host = "smtp.exmail.qq.com" # 邮件传送协议服务器mail_user = "" # 邮件发送方的邮箱账号mail_pass = "" # 邮件发送方的邮箱密码def send_mail(to_list, sub, content): me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">" # 和上面的代码不同的就是,这里我们选择的是html 的格式 msg = MIMEText(content, _subtype='html', _charset='utf-8') msg['Subject'] = sub # 邮件主题 msg['From'] = me msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) try: server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect(mail_host) server.login(mail_user, mail_pass) server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) server.close() return True except Exception, e: print str(e) return Falseif __name__ == '__main__': sub = "天才白痴梦" html = '<html></html>' if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, html): print "发送成功" else: print "发送失败"
3.邮件正文是图片的格式:要把图片嵌入到邮件正文中,我们只需按照发送附件的方式,先把邮件作为附件添加进去,然后,在HTML中通过引用src="cid:0"就可以把附件作为图片嵌入了。如果有多个图片,给它们依次编号,然后引用不同的cid:x即可。
def send_mail(to_list, sub, content): me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">" msg = MIMEMultipart() msg['Subject'] = sub # 邮件主题 msg['From'] = me msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) txt = MIMEText("天才白痴梦", _subtype='plain', _charset='utf8') msg.attach(txt) # <b>:黑体 <i>:斜体 msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<img msg.attach(msgText) file1 = "F://1.jpg" image = MIMEImage(open(file1, 'rb').read()) image.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>') msg.attach(image) try: server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect(mail_host) server.login(mail_user, mail_pass) server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) server.close() return True except Exception, e: print str(e) return Falseif __name__ == '__main__': sub = "天才白痴梦" html = '<html></html>' if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, html): print "发送成功" else: print "发送失败"
4.发送邮件附件:邮件附件是图片
def send_mail(to_list, sub, content): me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">" msg = MIMEMultipart() msg['Subject'] = sub # 邮件主题 msg['From'] = me msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) txt = MIMEText("天才白痴梦", _subtype='plain', _charset='utf8') msg.attach(txt) # # <b>:黑体 <i>:斜体 # msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<img # msg.attach(msgText) # # file1 = "F://1.jpg" # image = MIMEImage(open(file1, 'rb').read()) # image.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>') # msg.attach(image) att = MIMEText(open('F://1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"' msg.attach(att) try: server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect(mail_host) server.login(mail_user, mail_pass) server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) server.close() return True except Exception, e: print str(e) return False
5.发送群邮件:同时发送给多人
mailto_list = [""] # 邮件接收方的邮件地址
上面这一行代码是邮件接收方的邮件地址,如果我们需要给多人发送邮件的话,就只需要把对方的邮件帐号绑在这一个列表里就ok了。
加密SMTP
使用标准的25端口连接SMTP服务器时,使用的是明文传输,发送邮件的整个过程可能会被窃听。要更安全地发送邮件,可以加密SMTP会话,实际上就是先创建SSL安全连接,然后再使用SMTP协议发送邮件。
方法:只需要在创建SMTP对象后,立刻调用starttls()方法,就创建了安全连接。
smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com'smtp_port = 25 # 默认端口号为25server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_port)server.starttls()# 剩下的代码和前面的一模一样:server.set_debuglevel(1) # 打印出和SMTP服务器交互的所有信息
以上就是关于Python发送邮件详细解析,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。