首页 > 编程 > Python > 正文

Python实现扩展内置类型的方法分析

2020-01-04 16:35:52
字体:
来源:转载
供稿:网友

本文实例讲述了Python实现扩展内置类型的方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

简介

除了实现新的类型的对象方式外,有时我们也可以通过扩展Python内置类型,从而支持其它类型的数据结构,比如为列表增加队列的插入和删除的方法。本文针对此问题,结合实现集合功能的实例,介绍了扩展Python内置类型的两种方法:通过嵌入内置类型来扩展类型和通过子类方式扩展类型。

通过嵌入内置类型扩展

下面例子通过将list对象作为嵌入类型,实现集合对象,并增加了一下运算符重载。这个类知识包装了Python的列表,以及附加的集合运算。

class Set:  def __init__(self, value=[]): # Constructor    self.data = [] # Manages a list    self.concat(value)  def intersect(self, other): # other is any sequence    res = [] # self is the subject    for x in self.data:      if x in other: # Pick common items        res.append(x)    return Set(res) # Return a new Set  def union(self, other): # other is any sequence    res = self.data[:] # Copy of my list    for x in other: # Add items in other      if not x in res:        res.append(x)    return Set(res)  def concat(self, value): # value: list, Set...    for x in value: # Removes duplicates      if not x in self.data:        self.data.append(x)  def __len__(self):     return len(self.data) # len(self)  def __getitem__(self, key): return self.data[key] # self[i]  def __and__(self, other):  return self.intersect(other) # self & other  def __or__(self, other):  return self.union(other) # self | other  def __repr__(self):     return 'Set:' + repr(self.data) # print()if __name__ == '__main__':  x = Set([1, 3, 5, 7])  print(x.union(Set([1, 4, 7]))) # prints Set:[1, 3, 5, 7, 4]  print(x | Set([1, 4, 6])) # prints Set:[1, 3, 5, 7, 4, 6]

通过子类方式扩展类型

从Python2.2开始,所有内置类型都能直接创建子类,如list,str,dict以及tuple。这样可以让你通过用户定义的class语句,定制或扩展内置类型:建立类型名称的子类并对其进行定制。类型的子类型实例,可用在原始的内置类型能够出现的任何地方。

class Set(list):  def __init__(self, value = []):   # Constructor    list.__init__([])        # Customizes list    self.concat(value)        # Copies mutable defaults  def intersect(self, other):     # other is any sequence    res = []             # self is the subject    for x in self:      if x in other:        # Pick common items        res.append(x)    return Set(res)         # Return a new Set  def union(self, other):       # other is any sequence    res = Set(self)         # Copy me and my list    res.concat(other)    return res  def concat(self, value):       # value: list, Set . . .    for x in value:         # Removes duplicates      if not x in self:        self.append(x)  def __and__(self, other): return self.intersect(other)  def __or__(self, other): return self.union(other)  def __repr__(self):    return 'Set:' + list.__repr__(self)if __name__ == '__main__':  x = Set([1,3,5,7])  y = Set([2,1,4,5,6])  print(x, y, len(x))  print(x.intersect(y), y.union(x))  print(x & y, x | y)  x.reverse(); print(x)

 

希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。


注:相关教程知识阅读请移步到python教程频道。
发表评论 共有条评论
用户名: 密码:
验证码: 匿名发表