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Python线程创建和终止实例代码

2020-01-04 16:11:17
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python/57429.html">python/270780.html">python/291754.html">python/270985.html">python/284159.html">python主要是通过thread和threading这两个模块来实现多线程支持。

python的thread模块是比較底层的模块,python的threading模块是对thread做了一些封装,能够更加方便的被使用。可是python(cpython)因为GIL的存在无法使用threading充分利用CPU资源,假设想充分发挥多核CPU的计算能力须要使用multiprocessing模块(Windows下使用会有诸多问题)。

假设在对线程应用有较高的要求时能够考虑使用Stackless Python来完毕。Stackless Python是Python的一个改动版本号,对多线程编程有更好的支持,提供了对微线程的支持。微线程是轻量级的线程,在多个线程间切换所需的时间很多其它,占用资源也更少。

通过threading模块创建新的线程有两种方法:一种是通过threading.Thread(Target=executable Method)-即传递给Thread对象一个可运行方法(或对象);另外一种是继承threading.Thread定义子类并重写run()方法。另外一种方法中,唯一必须重写的方法是run(),可依据需要决定是否重写__init__()。值得注意的是,若要重写__init__(),父类的__init__()必需要在函数第一行调用,否则会触发错误“AssertionError: Thread.__init__() not called”

Python threading模块不同于其它语言之处在于它没有提供线程的终止方法,通过Python threading.Thread()启动的线程彼此是独立的。若在线程A中启动了线程B,那么A、B是彼此独立执行的线程。若想终止线程A的同一时候强力终止线程B。一个简单的方法是通过在线程A中调用B.setDaemon(True)实现。

但这样带来的问题是:线程B中的资源(打开的文件、传输数据等)可能会没有正确的释放。所以setDaemon()并不是一个好方法,更为妥当的方式是通过Event机制。以下这段程序体现了setDaemon()和Event机制终止子线程的差别。

import threading import time class mythread(threading.Thread):  def __init__(self,stopevt = None,File=None,name = 'subthread',Type ='event'):   threading.Thread.__init__(self)   self.stopevt = stopevt   self.name = name   self.File = File   self.Type = Type          def Eventrun(self):   while not self.stopevt.isSet():    print self.name +' alive/n'    time.sleep(2)   if self.File:    print 'close opened file in '+self.name+'/n'    self.File.close()   print self.name +' stoped/n'    def Daemonrun(self):   D = mythreadDaemon(self.File)   D.setDaemon(True)   while not self.stopevt.isSet():    print self.name +' alive/n'    time.sleep(2)   print self.name +' stoped/n'  def run(self):   if self.Type == 'event': self.Eventrun()   else: self.Daemonrun() class mythreadDaemon(threading.Thread):  def __init__(self,File=None,name = 'Daemonthread'):   threading.Thread.__init__(self)   self.name = name   self.File = File  def run(self):   while True:    print self.name +' alive/n'    time.sleep(2)   if self.File:    print 'close opened file in '+self.name+'/n'    self.File.close()   print self.name +' stoped/n'    def evtstop():  stopevt = threading.Event()  FileA = open('testA.txt','w')  FileB = open('testB.txt','w')  A = mythread(stopevt,FileA,'subthreadA')  B = mythread(stopevt,FileB,'subthreadB')  print repr(threading.currentThread())+'alive/n'  print FileA.name + ' closed? '+repr(FileA.closed)+'/n'  print FileB.name + ' closed? '+repr(FileB.closed)+'/n'  A.start()  B.start()  time.sleep(1)  print repr(threading.currentThread())+'send stop signal/n'  stopevt.set()  A.join()  B.join()  print repr(threading.currentThread())+'stoped/n'  print 'after A stoped, '+FileA.name + ' closed? '+repr(FileA.closed)+'/n'  print 'after A stoped, '+FileB.name + ' closed? '+repr(FileB.closed)+'/n' def daemonstop():  stopevt = threading.Event()  FileA = open('testA.txt','r')  A = mythread(stopevt,FileA,'subthreadA',Type = 'Daemon')  print repr(threading.currentThread())+'alive/n'  print FileA.name + ' closed? '+repr(FileA.closed)+'/n'  A.start()  time.sleep(1)  stopevt.set()  A.join()  print repr(threading.currentThread())+'stoped/n'  print 'after A stoped, '+FileA.name + ' closed? '+repr(FileA.closed)+'/n'  if not FileA.closed:   print 'You see the differents, the resource in subthread may not released with setDaemon()'   FileA.close() if __name__ =='__main__':  print '-------stop subthread example with Event:----------/n'  evtstop()  print '-------Daemon stop subthread example :----------/n'  daemonstop() 

执行结果是:

-------stop subthread example with Event:---------- <_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>alive testA.txt closed? False testB.txt closed? False subthreadA alive subthreadB alive  <_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>send stop signal close opened file in subthreadA close opened file in subthreadB  subthreadA stoped subthreadB stoped  <_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>stoped after A stoped, testA.txt closed? True after A stoped, testB.txt closed? True -------Daemon stop subthread example :---------- <_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>alive testA.txt closed? False subthreadA alive subthreadA stoped <_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>stoped after A stoped, testA.txt closed? False You see the differents, the resource in subthread may not released with setDaemon() 

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