python实现简易版计算器

2020-01-04 16:01:43

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学了一周的Python，这篇文章算是为这段时间自学做的小总结。

一、Python简介

Python是一门十分优美的脚本语言，如果学过java、c++那入门Python是非常简单的。Python具有丰富和强大的类库。它常被昵称为胶水语言，它能够很轻松的把用其他语言制作的各种模块（尤其是C/C++）轻松地联结在一起。常见的一种应用情形是，使用Python快速生成程序的原型（有时甚至是程序的最终界面），然后对其中有特别要求的部分，用更合适的语言改写。

二、Python版计算器的实现

工具准备：

        1. Python2.7
        2. wxPython
        3. wxGlade界面编辑工具
        4. pyCharm

具体配置什么的我就不说了，网上有很多。Python的GUI开发库有很多，这里我们使用wxPython。用wxGlade编辑界面，wxGlade是一款很好用的GUI编辑工具，它最大的优点是能自动生成编辑好的图形界面的代码。

这里主要介绍几点：

wx.TextCtrl（文本输入控件），这个作为计算器的显示屏，点击数字时用AppendText方法将数字添加至文本末尾，要取出数字时用GetValue方法，点击运算符时要将文本框中的数字清空（先存储）用Clear方法然后还有将操作符保存，点击等号后要将第二个操作数存储，然后用int方法将字符串转换为数字，计算后用SetValue方法将结果送入文本框，具体代码如下：

import wx  # begin wxGlade: extracode # end wxGlade   class MyFrame(wx.Frame):   def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):     # begin wxGlade: MyFrame.__init__     kwds["style"] = wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE     wx.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwds)     self.text_ctrl_1 = wx.TextCtrl(self, -1, "",style=wx.TE_READONLY)     self.button_37 = wx.Button(self, -1, "1")     self.button_38 = wx.Button(self, -1, "2")     self.button_39 = wx.Button(self, -1, "3")     self.button_40 = wx.Button(self, -1, "+")     self.button_41 = wx.Button(self, -1, "4")     self.button_42 = wx.Button(self, -1, "5")     self.button_43 = wx.Button(self, -1, "6")     self.button_44 = wx.Button(self, -1, "-")     self.button_46 = wx.Button(self, -1, "7")     self.button_45 = wx.Button(self, -1, "8")     self.button_47 = wx.Button(self, -1, "9")     self.button_48 = wx.Button(self, -1, "x")     self.button_49 = wx.Button(self, -1, "C")     self.button_50 = wx.Button(self, -1, "0")     self.button_51 = wx.Button(self, -1, "=")     self.button_52 = wx.Button(self, -1, "/")      self.__set_properties()     self.__do_layout()      self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu1, self.button_37)     self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu2, self.button_38)     self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu3, self.button_39)     self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu_plus, self.button_40)     self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu4, self.button_41)     self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu5, self.button_42)     self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu6, self.button_43)     self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu_min, self.button_44)     self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu7, self.button_46)     self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu8, self.button_45)     self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu9, self.button_47)     self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu_mul, self.button_48)     self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu_clear, self.button_49)     self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu0, self.button_50)     self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu_result, self.button_51)     self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu_chu, self.button_52)     # end wxGlade     self.Show(True)    def __set_properties(self):     # begin wxGlade: MyFrame.__set_properties     self.SetTitle("Python Calculater by CYG")     self.text_ctrl_1.SetMinSize((400, 50))     self.button_37.SetMinSize((100, 50))     self.button_38.SetMinSize((100, 50))     self.button_39.SetMinSize((100, 50))     self.button_40.SetMinSize((100, 50))     self.button_41.SetMinSize((100, 50))     self.button_42.SetMinSize((100, 50))     self.button_43.SetMinSize((100, 50))     self.button_44.SetMinSize((100, 50))     self.button_46.SetMinSize((100, 50))     self.button_45.SetMinSize((100, 50))     self.button_47.SetMinSize((100, 50))     self.button_48.SetMinSize((100, 50))     self.button_49.SetMinSize((100, 50))     self.button_50.SetMinSize((100, 50))     self.button_51.SetMinSize((100, 50))     self.button_52.SetMinSize((100, 50))     # end wxGlade    def __do_layout(self):     # begin wxGlade: MyFrame.__do_layout     sizer_2 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)     sizer_3 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)     grid_sizer_1 = wx.GridSizer(4, 4, 0, 0)     sizer_3.Add(self.text_ctrl_1, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_37, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_38, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_39, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_40, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_41, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_42, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_43, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_44, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_46, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_45, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_47, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_48, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_49, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_50, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_51, 0, 0, 0)     grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_52, 0, 0, 0)     sizer_3.Add(grid_sizer_1, 1, wx.EXPAND, 0)     sizer_2.Add(sizer_3, 1, wx.EXPAND, 0)     self.SetSizer(sizer_2)     sizer_2.Fit(self)     self.Layout()     # end wxGlade    def bu1(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("1")     event.Skip()    def bu2(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("2")     event.Skip()    def bu3(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("3")     event.Skip()    def bu_plus(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.num1=self.text_ctrl_1.GetValue()     self.op="+"     self.text_ctrl_1.Clear()     event.Skip()    def bu4(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("4")     event.Skip()    def bu5(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("5")     event.Skip()    def bu6(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("6")     event.Skip()    def bu_min(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.num1=self.text_ctrl_1.GetValue()     self.op="-"     self.text_ctrl_1.Clear()     event.Skip()    def bu7(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("7")     event.Skip()    def bu8(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("8")     event.Skip()    def bu9(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("9")     event.Skip()    def bu_mul(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.num1=self.text_ctrl_1.GetValue()     self.op="x"     self.text_ctrl_1.Clear()     event.Skip()    def bu_clear(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.text_ctrl_1.Clear()     event.Skip()    def bu0(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("0")     event.Skip()    def bu_chu(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.num1=self.text_ctrl_1.GetValue()     self.op="/"     self.text_ctrl_1.Clear()     event.Skip()    def bu_result(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>     self.num2=self.text_ctrl_1.GetValue()     num1=int(self.num1)     num2=int(self.num2)     if self.op=="+":       self.text_ctrl_1.SetValue(str(num1+num2))     elif self.op=="-":       self.text_ctrl_1.SetValue(str(num1-num2))     elif self.op=="x":       self.text_ctrl_1.SetValue(str(num1*num2))     elif self.op=="/":       self.text_ctrl_1.SetValue(str(num1/num2))     event.Skip()   # end of class MyFrame if __name__ == "__main__":    app=wx.App(False)   myframe=MyFrame(None)   app.MainLoop()

按钮的ID，名称什么的我基本都是用wxGlade自动生成的。
没有做什么美化，只是为了练练手，给张图：

python,计算器