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Python实现拷贝/删除文件夹的方法详解

2020-01-04 14:37:35
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本文实例讲述了Python实现拷贝 删除文件夹的方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

1. 拷贝文件夹

from shutil import copytree, ignore_patternscopytree(source, destination, ignore=ignore_patterns('*.pyc', 'tmp*'))

注:shutil.copytree实现

def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):  names = os.listdir(src)  if ignore is not None:    ignored_names = ignore(src, names)  else:    ignored_names = set()  os.makedirs(dst)  errors = []  for name in names:    if name in ignored_names:      continue    srcname = os.path.join(src, name)    dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)    try:      if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname):        linkto = os.readlink(srcname)        os.symlink(linkto, dstname)      elif os.path.isdir(srcname):        copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore)      else:        copy2(srcname, dstname)      # XXX What about devices, sockets etc.?    except (IOError, os.error) as why:      errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))    # catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can    # continue with other files    except Error as err:      errors.extend(err.args[0])  try:    copystat(src, dst)  except WindowsError:    # can't copy file access times on Windows    pass  except OSError as why:    errors.extend((src, dst, str(why)))  if errors:    raise Error(errors)

2. 删除文件夹

#! /usr/bash/python# encoding:utf-8import osimport os.pathimport statimport shutilclass DelDir: ''' 删除指定根目录下特定文件夹 ''' def __init__(self, root, dirname): self.root = root self.dirname = dirname def run(self): for r, dirs, files in os.walk(self.root):  if self.dirname in dirs:  srcDir = os.path.join(r, self.dirname)  #更改权限(win7会出现权限问题)  os.chmod(srcDir, stat.S_IREAD | stat.S_IWRITE)  result = shutil.rmtree(srcDir, False, self.__handler)  print "%s" %(srcDir) def __handler(self, function, path, excinfo): ''' 删除出错处理 ''' #更改权限(win7会出现权限问题) os.chmod(path, stat.S_IREAD | stat.S_IWRITE) function(path) print "[Handler] ==> Path:%s /n/tHandler the Error: %s" %(path, excinfo)if __name__ == '__main__': rootdir = r"E:/workspace/minioffice/mini-core/src/main/webapp" # 需要处理的文件夹 rootdir = unicode(rootdir, "utf8") dirname = ".svn" # 删除的文件夹 c = DelDir(rootdir, dirname) c.run()

Python实现文件夹递归拷贝

目标:

1.多层文件夹嵌套,在要备份的文件夹中嵌套多个文件夹

2.增量备份,因为文件较多,且之前已有部分备份,所以只需对新增的文件进行备份,提升效率

Python安装:

1.下载安装包,http://www.python.org/getit/,可以选择Python2或3,2的兼容性更好

2.添加Python安装目录如D:/Program/Python到环境变量Path中

编写脚本

Python中自身有文件夹拷贝的API,但有诸多限制,不能满足需求,所以自己实现

要点有两个:

1.递归拷贝,因为有多层嵌套文件夹,所以用递归实现
2.错误处理,要考虑文件夹不存在的情况

脚本如下:

###################################################### -*- coding: GBK -*-# 文件自动备份脚本# 作者:阿凡提import osimport shutil# 设置待备份的源文件夹及存放备份文件的目标文件夹srcDir = "f://src"dstDir = "f://dst"# 目录递归拷贝函数def dir_copyTree(src, dst):  names = os.listdir(src)  # 目标文件夹不存在,则新建  if not os.path.exists(dst):    os.mkdir(dst)  # 遍历源文件夹中的文件与文件夹  for name in names:    srcname = os.path.join(src, name)    dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)    try:      # 是文件夹则递归调用本拷贝函数,否则直接拷贝文件      if os.path.isdir(srcname):        dir_copyTree(srcname, dstname)      else:        if (not os.path.exists(dstname)          or ((os.path.exists(dstname))            and (os.path.getsize(dstname) != os.path.getsize(srcname)))):          print dstname          shutil.copy2(srcname, dst)    except:      error.traceback();      raise# 备份函数def dir_backup():  global srcDir  global dstDir  print "源文件夹" + srcDir  print "目标文件夹" + dstDir  print "本次拷贝文件:"  dir_copyTree(srcDir, dstDir)  # 将此句注释则会一闪而过,方便自动备份  raw_input ("备份完成")# 执行备份函数dir_backup()#####################################################

结合Windows的任务计划程序定时运行此脚本,即可实现自动备份的目的。

python 文件夹复制加强版

shutil模块主要用于文件夹的操作。其中copytree用来对文件夹进行复制,但是比较遗憾的是,如果目标文件已经存在的话,该函数就会报错抛异常了,非常地不给力。求人不如求已,看到帮助文档中有此方法的源码,就修改了一下,使其默认可以支持文件和文件夹的覆盖。

import osimport os.pathimport shutildef copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False):  names = os.listdir(src)  if not os.path.isdir(dst):    os.makedirs(dst)  errors = []  for name in names:    srcname = os.path.join(src, name)    dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)    try:      if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname):        linkto = os.readlink(srcname)        os.symlink(linkto, dstname)      elif os.path.isdir(srcname):        copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks)      else:        if os.path.isdir(dstname):          os.rmdir(dstname)        elif os.path.isfile(dstname):          os.remove(dstname)        shutil.copy2(srcname, dstname)      # XXX What about devices, sockets etc.?    except (IOError, os.error) as why:      errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))    # catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can    # continue with other files    except OSError as err:      errors.extend(err.args[0])  try:    copystat(src, dst)  except WindowsError:    # can't copy file access times on Windows    pass  except OSError as why:    errors.extend((src, dst, str(why)))  if errors:    raise Error(errors)if __name__ == '__main__':  copytree('E:/book', 'E:/newbook')

 

希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。


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