本文实例为大家分享了python实现多人聊天室的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下
一、目的
以实现小项目的方式，来巩固之前学过的Python基本语法以及相关的知识。
二、相关技术
1.wxpython GUI编程
2.网络编程
3.多线程编程
4.数据库编程
5.简单的将数据导出到Excel表
三、存在的漏洞以及不足
1.由于数据库编码的问题，无法使用中文。
2.在客户端关闭后，其相关的线程仍然存在于服务器的用户线程队列中，所以服务器会错误地往已关闭的客户端传送信息。
3.客户端初始登录并加载历史记录时，会出现每条历史消息后面的回车键丢失的现象，解决的方法是：在加载相邻两条消息之间加个时间间隔，但效果不佳。
四、源码
服务器Server：
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-from socket import *import timeimport threadingimport wximport MySQLdbimport xlwtfrom clientthread import ClientThreadclass Server(wx.Frame): def __init__(self,parent=None,id=-1,title='服务器',pos=wx.DefaultPosition,size=(500,300)): '''窗口''' wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,470)) pl = wx.Panel(self) con = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) subcon = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) sta = wx.Button(pl , size=(133, 40),label='启动服务器') end = wx.Button(pl, size=(133, 40), label='关闭服务器') hist = wx.Button(pl,size=(133,40),label='导出聊天记录') subcon.Add(sta, 1, wx.BOTTOM) subcon.Add(hist, 1, wx.BOTTOM) subcon.Add(end, 1, wx.BOTTOM) con.Add(subcon,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTRE|wx.BOTTOM) self.Text = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,250),style = wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_READONLY) con.Add(self.Text, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE) self.ttex = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,100),style=wx.TE_MULTILINE) con.Add(self.ttex, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE) sub2 = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) clear = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='清空') send = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='发送') sub2.Add(clear, 1, wx.TOP | wx.LEFT) sub2.Add(send, 1, wx.TOP | wx.RIGHT) con.Add(sub2, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE) pl.SetSizer(con) '''窗口''' '''绑定''' self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.EditClear, clear) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.SendMessage, send) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Start, sta) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Break, end) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.WriteToExcel, hist) '''绑定''' '''服务器准备工作''' self.UserThreadList = [] self.onServe = False addr = ('', 21567) self.ServeSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) self.ServeSock.bind(addr) self.ServeSock.listen(10) '''服务器准备工作''' '''数据库准备工作，用于存储聊天记录''' self.db = MySQLdb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info') self.cursor = self.db.cursor() self.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time") self.Text.SetValue('') for data in self.cursor.fetchall(): #加载历史聊天记录 self.Text.AppendText('%s said:/n%s/nwhen %s/n/n' % (data[0], data[2], data[1])) '''数据库准备工作，用于存储聊天记录''' #将聊天记录导出到EXCEl表中 def WriteToExcel(self,event): wbk = xlwt.Workbook() sheet = wbk.add_sheet('sheet 1') self.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time") sheet.write(0, 0, "User") sheet.write(0, 1, "Datetime") sheet.write(0, 5, "Message") index = 0 for data in self.cursor.fetchall(): index = index + 1 Time = '%s'%data[1] #将datetime转成字符形式，否则直接写入Excel会变成时间戳 sheet.write(index,0,data[0]) sheet.write(index,1,Time) #写进EXCEL会变成时间戳 sheet.write(index,5,data[2]) wbk.save(r'D:/History_Dialog.xls') #启动服务器的服务线程 def Start(self,event): if not self.onServe: '''启动服务线程''' self.onServe = True mainThread = threading.Thread(target=self.on_serving, args=()) mainThread.setDaemon(True) # 解决父线程结束，子线程还继续运行的问题 mainThread.start() '''启动服务线程''' #关闭服务器 def Break(self,event): self.onServe = False #服务器主循环 def on_serving(self): print '...On serving...' while self.onServe: UserSocket, UserAddr = self.ServeSock.accept() username = UserSocket.recv(1024).decode(encoding='utf-8') #接收用户名 userthread = ClientThread(UserSocket, username,self) self.UserThreadList.append(userthread) #将用户线程加到队列中 userthread.start() self.ServeSock.close() #绑定发送按钮 def SendMessage(self,event): if self.onServe and cmp(self.ttex.GetValue(),''): data = self.ttex.GetValue() self.AddText('Server',data,time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())) self.ttex.SetValue('') # 向所有客户端（包括自己）发送信息,同时更新到数据库 def AddText(self, source, data,Time): self.cursor.execute("insert into history values(/"%s/",/"%s/",/"%s/")" % (source,Time,data)) #双引号里面有双引号，bug：句子不能有双引号、以及中文 self.db.commit() sendData = '%s said:/n%s/nwhen %s/n' % (source,data,Time) self.Text.AppendText('%s/n'%sendData) for user in self.UserThreadList: #bug：客户端关闭了仍然在队列中。如果客户端关闭了，那怎么在服务器判断是否已经关闭了？客户端在关闭之前发一条信息给服务器？ user.UserSocket.send(sendData.encode(encoding='utf-8')) #绑定清空按钮 def EditClear(self,event): self.ttex.Clear()def main(): app = wx.App(False) Server().Show() app.MainLoop()if __name__ == '__main__': main() 服务器的客户线程Clientthread：
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-import threadingimport timeclass ClientThread(threading.Thread): def __init__(self,UserSocket, Username,server): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.UserSocket = UserSocket self.Username = Username self.server = server self.Loadhist() # 加载历史聊天记录 def Loadhist(self): self.server.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time") for data in self.server.cursor.fetchall(): time.sleep(0.6) #几条信息同时发，会造成末尾回车键的丢失，所以要有时间间隔 sendData = '%s said:/n%s/nwhen %s/n'%(data[0], data[2], data[1]) self.UserSocket.send(sendData.encode(encoding='utf-8')) #方法重写，线程的入口 def run(self): size = 1024 while True: data = self.UserSocket.recv(size) #未解决：客户端断开连接后这里会报错 self.server.AddText(self.Username,data.decode(encoding='utf-8'),time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())) self.UserSocket.close() #这里都执行不到 客户登录界面Logframe：
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-from socket import *import wximport MySQLdbfrom client import Clientclass LogFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self,parent=None,id=-1,title='登录窗口',pos=wx.DefaultPosition,size=(500,300)): '''窗口''' wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,280)) self.pl = wx.Panel(self) con = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) subcon = wx.FlexGridSizer(2,2,10,10) username = wx.StaticText(self.pl, label="Username:",style=wx.ALIGN_LEFT) password = wx.StaticText(self.pl, label="Password:",style=wx.ALIGN_LEFT) self.tc1 = wx.TextCtrl(self.pl,size=(180,20)) self.tc2 = wx.TextCtrl(self.pl,size=(180,20),style=wx.TE_PASSWORD) subcon.Add(username,wx.TE_LEFT) subcon.Add(self.tc1,1,wx.EXPAND) subcon.Add(password) subcon.Add(self.tc2,1,wx.EXPAND) con.Add(subcon,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTER) subcon2 = wx.FlexGridSizer(1,2,10,10) register = wx.Button(self.pl,label='Register') login = wx.Button(self.pl,label='Login') subcon2.Add(register,1, wx.TOP) subcon2.Add(login,1, wx.TOP) con.Add(subcon2,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTRE) self.pl.SetSizer(con) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Register,register) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Login,login) '''窗口''' self.isConnected = False self.userSocket = None #连接到服务器 def ConnectToServer(self): if not self.isConnected: ADDR = ('localhost', 21567) self.userSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) try: self.userSocket.connect(ADDR) self.userSocket.send(self.tc1.GetValue().encode(encoding='utf-8')) self.isConnected = True return True except Exception: return False else: return True #登录 def Login(self,event): if not self.ConnectToServer(): err = wx.MessageDialog(None, '服务器未启动', 'ERROR!', wx.OK) err.ShowModal() err.Destroy() else: username = self.tc1.GetValue() password = self.tc2.GetValue() db = MySQLdb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info') cursor = db.cursor() cursor.execute("select * from user_list where username='%s' and password='%s'"%(username,password)) if not cursor.fetchone(): err = wx.MessageDialog(None,'用户不存在或密码错误','ERROR!',wx.OK) err.ShowModal() else: self.Close() Client(opSock=self.userSocket, username=username).Show() db.commit() db.close() #注册 def Register(self,event): if not self.ConnectToServer(): err = wx.MessageDialog(None, '服务器未启动', 'ERROR!', wx.OK) err.ShowModal() err.Destroy() else: username = self.tc1.GetValue() password = self.tc2.GetValue() db = MySQLdb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info') cursor = db.cursor() cursor.execute("select * from user_list where username='%s'"%username) if not cursor.fetchone(): cursor.execute("insert into user_list(username,password) values('%s','%s')"%(username,password)) else: err = wx.MessageDialog(None, '用户已存在', 'ERROR!', wx.OK) err.ShowModal() db.commit() db.close()def main(): app = wx.App(False) LogFrame().Show() app.MainLoop()if __name__ == '__main__': main() 客户端Client：
#/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-import wximport threadingfrom time import ctimeclass Client(wx.Frame): def __init__(self,opSock,username,parent=None,id=-1,title='客户端',pos=wx.DefaultPosition,size=(500,300)): '''窗口''' wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,470)) self.opSock = opSock self.username = username pl = wx.Panel(self) con = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) subcon = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) sta = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40),label='连接') end = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40),label='断开') subcon.Add(sta, 1, wx.TOP|wx.LEFT) subcon.Add(end, 1, wx.TOP|wx.RIGHT) con.Add(subcon,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTRE) self.Text = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,250),style = wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_READONLY) con.Add(self.Text, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE) self.ttex = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,100),style=wx.TE_MULTILINE) con.Add(self.ttex, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE) sub2 = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) clear = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='清空') send = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='发送') sub2.Add(clear, 1, wx.TOP | wx.LEFT) sub2.Add(send, 1, wx.TOP | wx.RIGHT) con.Add(sub2, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE) pl.SetSizer(con) '''窗口''' '''绑定''' self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.EditClear, clear) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Send, send) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Login, sta) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Logout, end) '''绑定''' self.isConnected = False #登录 def Login(self,event): '''客户端准备工作''' self.isConnected = True t = threading.Thread(target=self.Receive, args=()) t.setDaemon(True) t.start() '''客户端准备工作''' #退出 def Logout(self,event): self.isConnected = False #绑定发送按钮 def Send(self,event): if self.isConnected and cmp(self.ttex.GetValue(),''): self.opSock.send(self.ttex.GetValue().encode(encoding='utf-8')) self.ttex.SetValue('') #绑定清空按钮 def EditClear(self,event): self.ttex.Clear() #接收客户端的信息（独立一个线程） def Receive(self): while self.isConnected: data = self.opSock.recv(1024).decode(encoding='utf-8') self.Text.AppendText('%s/n'%data) 以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持VEVB武林网。
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