本文实例讲述了Django开发的简易留言板。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
Django在线留言板小练习
环境
ubuntu16.04 + python3 + django1.11
1、创建项目
django-admin.py startproject message
进入项目message
2、创建APP
python manager.py startapp guestbook
项目结构
.
├── guestbook
│ ├── admin.py
│ ├── apps.py
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── migrations
│ │ └── __init__.py
│ ├── models.py
│ ├── tests.py
│ └── views.py
├── manage.py
└── message
├── __init__.py
├── __pycache__
│ ├── __init__.cpython-35.pyc
│ └── settings.cpython-35.pyc
├── settings.py
├── urls.py
└── wsgi.py
4 directories, 14 files
需要做的事：
配置项目setting 、初始化数据库、配置url 、编写views 、创建HTML文件
项目配置
打开message/settings.py
设置哪些主机可以访问,*代表所有主机
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'guestbook', #刚刚创建的APP，加入到此项目中]#数据库默认用sqlite3,后期可以换成MySQL或者SQL Server等TIME_ZONE = 'PRC' #时区设置为中国
创建数据库字段
#encoding: utf-8from django.db import modelsclass Message(models.Model): username=models.CharField(max_length=256) content=models.TextField(max_length=256) publish=models.DateTimeField() #为了显示 def __str__(self): tpl = '<Message:[username={username}, return tpl.format(username=self.username, style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: none; line-height: 25.2px; font-size: 14px; width: 660px; overflow: hidden; clear: both; font-family: tahoma, arial, "Microsoft YaHei";"> # 1. 创建更改的文件root@python:/online/message# python3 manage.py makemigrationsMigrations for 'guestbook': guestbook/migrations/0001_initial.py - Create model Message# 2. 将生成的py文件应用到数据库root@python:/online/message# python3 manage.py migrateOperations to perform: Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, guestbook, sessionsRunning migrations: Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying auth.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK Applying guestbook.0001_initial... OK Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
配置url
设置项目message/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include #添加了includefrom django.contrib import adminurlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^guestbook/', include('guestbook.urls',namespace='guestbook')), #表示在url地址中所有guestbook的都交给guestbook下面的url来处理，后面的逗号不要省略] 设置APP的url
如果是初次创建APP，urls.py在APP中一般不存在，创建即可
vim guestbook/urls.py
# 内容如下from django.conf.urls import urlfrom . import viewsurlpatterns = [ url(r'^index/',views.index,name='index'), #不要忘了逗号]
编写views
编辑APP中的views.py
from django.shortcuts import renderfrom django.http import HttpResponseRedirectfrom . import models# Create your views here.def index(request): messages = models.Message.objects.all() return render(request, 'guestbook/index.html', {'messages' : messages}) 编写HTML文件
创建APP/templates/guestbook/index.html目录及文件
使用bootstrap美化了
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>留言板</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" crossorigin="anonymous"> </head> <body> <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed"> <thead> <tr class="danger"> <th>留言时间</th> <th>留言者</th> <th>标题</th> <th>内容</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% if messages %} {% for message in messages %} <tr class="{% cycle 'active' 'success' 'warning' 'info' %}"> <td>{{ message.publish|date:'Y-m-d H:i:s' }}</td> <td>{{ message.username }}</td> <td>{{ message.title }}</td> <td>{{ message.content }}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} {% else %} <tr> <td colspan="4">无数据</td> </tr> {% endif %} </tbody> </table> <a class="btn btn-xs btn-info" href="/guestbook/create/" rel="external nofollow" >去留言</a> </body></html> 调试index页面
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:99
打开浏览器访问http://开发机器ip地址:99/guestbook/index/
留言展示页面成功
创建留言页面
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>留言</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" crossorigin="anonymous"> </head> <body> <!-- 我是注释 --> <h3>留言</h3> <!--h1-> h6--> <!--method: POST /GET --> <form action="/guestbook/save/" method="POST" novalidate="novalidate"> {% csrf_token %} <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed"> <label>用户名:</label> <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名" /> <br /><br /> <label>标 题:</label> <input type="text" name="title" placeholder="标题" /><br /><br /> <label>内 容:</label> <textarea name="content" placeholder="内容"> </textarea><br /><br /> </table> <input class="btn btn-success" type="submit" value="留言"/> </form> </body></html> 配置APP下的url
vim guestbook/urls.py
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^index/',views.index,name='index'), #不要忘了逗号 url(r'^create/$', views.create, name='create'), url(r'^save/$', views.save, name='save'), ]
编辑views.py
#先导入时间模块import datetime#添加create、savedef create(request): return render(request, 'guestbook/create.html')def save(request): username = request.POST.get("username") content = request.POST.get("content") publish = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") message = models.Message(title=title, content=content, username=username, publish=publish) message.save() return HttpResponseRedirect('/guestbook/index/') OK，再次运行，enjoy it!
希望本文所述对大家基于Django框架的Python程序设计有所帮助。
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