python实现Flappy Bird源码

# -*- coding: utf8 -*- from itertools import cycleimport randomimport sys import pygame #将pygame库导入到python程序中from pygame.locals import * #需要引入pygame中的所有常量。  FPS = 30SCREENWIDTH = 288 #屏幕宽度SCREENHEIGHT = 512 #屏幕高度# amount by which base can maximum shift to leftPIPEGAPSIZE = 100 # gap between upper and lower part of pipe 管道上下之间的间隙BASEY  = SCREENHEIGHT * 0.79 #base那个条条所在的高度 注意以左上角为坐标起始点 所以这个高度是往下为正# image, sound and hitmask dictsIMAGES, SOUNDS, HITMASKS = {}, {}, {} #图像，声音，撞击的文件 # list of all possible players (tuple of 3 positions of flap) #三种小鸟造型PLAYERS_LIST = ( # red bird (  'assets/sprites/redbird-upflap.png',  'assets/sprites/redbird-midflap.png',  'assets/sprites/redbird-downflap.png', ), # blue bird (  # amount by which base can maximum shift to left  'assets/sprites/bluebird-upflap.png',  'assets/sprites/bluebird-midflap.png',  'assets/sprites/bluebird-downflap.png', ), # yellow bird (  'assets/sprites/yellowbird-upflap.png',  'assets/sprites/yellowbird-midflap.png',  'assets/sprites/yellowbird-downflap.png', ),) # list of backgrounds 两种背景，一种白天，一种黑夜BACKGROUNDS_LIST = ( 'assets/sprites/background-day.png', 'assets/sprites/background-night.png',) # list of pipes 管道的两种颜色，一种绿色，一种红色PIPES_LIST = ( 'assets/sprites/pipe-green.png', 'assets/sprites/pipe-red.png',)  try: xrangeexcept NameError: xrange = range  def main(): global SCREEN, FPSCLOCK pygame.init() #经过初始化以后我们就可以尽情地使用pygame了。  #使用Pygame时钟之前，必须先创建Clock对象的一个实例， FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()#控制每个循环多长时间运行一次。这就像一个定时器在控制时间进程，指出“现在开始下一个循环”！现在开始下一个循环！……  SCREEN = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREENWIDTH, SCREENHEIGHT))#通常来说我们需要先创建一个窗口，方便我们与程序的交互。 pygame.display.set_caption('Flappy Bird')#设置窗口标题  # numbers sprites for score display #加载并转换图像 #在pygame中可以使用pygame.image.load（）函数来加载位图 （支持jpg,png,gif,bmp,pcx,tif,tga等多种图片格式）。 #convert_alpha()方法会使用透明的方法绘制前景对象。 # 因此在加载一个有alpha通道的素材时（比如PNG TGA），需要使用convert_alpha()方法，当然普通的图片也是可以使用这个方法的，用了也不会有什么副作用。 IMAGES['numbers'] = (  pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/0.png').convert_alpha(),  pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/1.png').convert_alpha(),  pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/2.png').convert_alpha(),  pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/3.png').convert_alpha(),  pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/4.png').convert_alpha(),  pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/5.png').convert_alpha(),  pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/6.png').convert_alpha(),  pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/7.png').convert_alpha(),  pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/8.png').convert_alpha(),  pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/9.png').convert_alpha() )  # game over sprite 游戏结束显示的图像 IMAGES['gameover'] = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/gameover.png').convert_alpha() # message sprite for welcome screen 欢迎界面显示的图像 IMAGES['message'] = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/message.png').convert_alpha() # base (ground) sprite 始终显示的base图像 IMAGES['base'] = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/base.png').convert_alpha()  # sounds # WAV版 OGG版是指游戏的音频格式 # WAV版是属于游戏原版 # OGG是大大们通过转换器把音频格式的WAV改成OGG，这样游戏的配置提高要求使游戏本身的体积而缩小节省了空间。 #可以看一下同一个音频 ogg版的是比wav版的文件小很多 if 'win' in sys.platform: #判断当前系统平台 来设置声音文件后缀  soundExt = '.wav' else:  soundExt = '.ogg'  # 音效:pygame.mixer # sound = pygame.mixer.Sound('/home/liumin/love.wav')使用指定文件名载入一个音频文件，并创建一个Sound对象。 音频文件可以是wav,ogg等格式。 # 音频文件的内容会被全部载入到内存中。 SOUNDS['die'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/die' + soundExt) SOUNDS['hit'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/hit' + soundExt) SOUNDS['point'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/point' + soundExt) SOUNDS['swoosh'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/swoosh' + soundExt) SOUNDS['wing'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/wing' + soundExt)  while True:  # select random background sprites 加载随机背景 （白天或者黑夜）  randBg = random.randint(0, len(BACKGROUNDS_LIST) - 1)#随机选择0或者1  IMAGES['background'] = pygame.image.load(BACKGROUNDS_LIST[randBg]).convert()#加载随机背景   # select random player sprites 加载随机角色 （红色、蓝色、黄色小鸟）  randPlayer = random.randint(0, len(PLAYERS_LIST) - 1)  IMAGES['player'] = (   pygame.image.load(PLAYERS_LIST[randPlayer][0]).convert_alpha(),   pygame.image.load(PLAYERS_LIST[randPlayer][1]).convert_alpha(),   pygame.image.load(PLAYERS_LIST[randPlayer][2]).convert_alpha(),  )   # select random pipe sprites 加载随机管道样式  pipeindex = random.randint(0, len(PIPES_LIST) - 1)  IMAGES['pipe'] = (   pygame.transform.rotate(    pygame.image.load(PIPES_LIST[pipeindex]).convert_alpha(), 180),#旋转180度   pygame.image.load(PIPES_LIST[pipeindex]).convert_alpha(),  )#一个上面的管道 一个下面的管道   # hismask for pipes #得到管道的边界mask  HITMASKS['pipe'] = (   getHitmask(IMAGES['pipe'][0]),   getHitmask(IMAGES['pipe'][1]),  )   # hitmask for player #得到player的边界mask  HITMASKS['player'] = (   getHitmask(IMAGES['player'][0]),   getHitmask(IMAGES['player'][1]),   getHitmask(IMAGES['player'][2]),  )   movementInfo = showWelcomeAnimation()#返回'playery'（player所在位置）,'basex'（base图像所在位置） 'playerIndexGen'（飞行姿势index）  crashInfo = mainGame(movementInfo)  showGameOverScreen(crashInfo)  def showWelcomeAnimation(): """Shows welcome screen animation of flappy bird""" # index of player to blit on screen playerIndex = 0 playerIndexGen = cycle([0, 1, 2, 1]) # iterator used to change playerIndex after every 5th iteration loopIter = 0  #player所在位置 playerx = int(SCREENWIDTH * 0.2) playery = int((SCREENHEIGHT - IMAGES['player'][0].get_height()) / 2) #欢迎图像所在位置 messagex = int((SCREENWIDTH - IMAGES['message'].get_width()) / 2) messagey = int(SCREENHEIGHT * 0.12)  basex = 0 # amount by which base can maximum shift to left 可以最大限度地向左移动的距离 baseShift = IMAGES['base'].get_width() - IMAGES['background'].get_width()  # player shm for up-down motion on welcome screen 角色在欢迎屏幕上进行上下移动 playerShmVals = {'val': 0, 'dir': 1}  while True:  for event in pygame.event.get():#使用pygame.event.get()来处理所有的事件,   if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):#如果 quit 或者 按键之后又按下esc，就结束游戏    pygame.quit()    sys.exit()   if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):#如果按键之后点击或者按下↑    # make first flap sound and return values for mainGame    SOUNDS['wing'].play()#播放飞的特效声音    return {#返回初始位置 进入maingame     'playery': playery + playerShmVals['val'],     'basex': basex,     'playerIndexGen': playerIndexGen,    }   # adjust playery, playerIndex, basex  if (loopIter + 1) % 5 == 0:   playerIndex = next(playerIndexGen)#获得匹配元素集合中每个元素紧邻的同胞元素 调整飞行姿势图片  loopIter = (loopIter + 1) % 30  basex = -((-basex + 4) % baseShift)  playerShm(playerShmVals)   # draw sprites  #screen.blit(space, (0,0))可以绘制位图 第一个参数是加载完成的位图，第二个参数是绘制的起始坐标。  SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['background'], (0,0))  SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['player'][playerIndex],     (playerx, playery + playerShmVals['val']))  SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['message'], (messagex, messagey))  SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['base'], (basex, BASEY))   pygame.display.update()#更新整个窗口  FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)#循环应该多长时间运行一次  def mainGame(movementInfo): score = playerIndex = loopIter = 0#初始得分以及初始player的姿态以及迭代次数都为0 playerIndexGen = movementInfo['playerIndexGen']#得到飞行姿势 playerx, playery = int(SCREENWIDTH * 0.2), movementInfo['playery']#player所在位置  basex = movementInfo['basex']#base图像所在位置 baseShift = IMAGES['base'].get_width() - IMAGES['background'].get_width()  # get 2 new pipes to add to upperPipes lowerPipes list newPipe1 = getRandomPipe() newPipe2 = getRandomPipe()  # list of upper pipes upperPipes = [  {'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200, 'y': newPipe1[0]['y']},  {'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200 + (SCREENWIDTH / 2), 'y': newPipe2[0]['y']}, ]  # list of lowerpipe lowerPipes = [  {'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200, 'y': newPipe1[1]['y']},  {'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200 + (SCREENWIDTH / 2), 'y': newPipe2[1]['y']}, ]  pipeVelX = -4  # player velocity, max velocity, downward accleration, accleration on flap 角色速度，最大速度，向下加速度，襟翼加速度 playerVelY = -9 # player's velocity along Y, default same as playerFlapped playerMaxVelY = 10 # max vel along Y, max descend speed playerMinVelY = -8 # min vel along Y, max ascend speed playerAccY = 1 # players downward accleration playerRot  = 45 # player's rotation playerVelRot = 3 # angular speed playerRotThr = 20 # rotation threshold playerFlapAcc = -9 # players speed on flapping playerFlapped = False # True when player flaps   while True:  for event in pygame.event.get():   if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):    pygame.quit()    sys.exit()   if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):    if playery > -2 * IMAGES['player'][0].get_height():#如果点击     playerVelY = playerFlapAcc#上升     playerFlapped = True     SOUNDS['wing'].play()#并播放飞行音效   # check for crash here  crashTest = checkCrash({'x': playerx, 'y': playery, 'index': playerIndex},        upperPipes, lowerPipes)  if crashTest[0]:#如果掉在地上或者撞击到了管道，就返回结束游戏   return {    'y': playery,    'groundCrash': crashTest[1],    'basex': basex,    'upperPipes': upperPipes,    'lowerPipes': lowerPipes,    'score': score,    'playerVelY': playerVelY,    'playerRot': playerRot   }   # check for score  playerMidPos = playerx + IMAGES['player'][0].get_width() / 2  for pipe in upperPipes:   pipeMidPos = pipe['x'] + IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_width() / 2   if pipeMidPos <= playerMidPos < pipeMidPos + 4:#当角色达到管道缝隙的中间+4时，score+1，并且在此时播放得分音效    score += 1    SOUNDS['point'].play()   # playerIndex basex change  if (loopIter + 1) % 3 == 0:   playerIndex = next(playerIndexGen)  loopIter = (loopIter + 1) % 30  basex = -((-basex + 100) % baseShift)   # rotate the player  if playerRot > -90:   playerRot -= playerVelRot   # player's movement  if playerVelY < playerMaxVelY and not playerFlapped:   playerVelY += playerAccY  if playerFlapped:   playerFlapped = False    # more rotation to cover the threshold (calculated in visible rotation)   playerRot = 45   playerHeight = IMAGES['player'][playerIndex].get_height()  playery += min(playerVelY, BASEY - playery - playerHeight)   # move pipes to left  for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes):   uPipe['x'] += pipeVelX #管道移动   lPipe['x'] += pipeVelX   # add new pipe when first pipe is about to touch left of screen  if 0 < upperPipes[0]['x'] < 5:#当第一个管道移动到屏幕左侧边缘时，生成下一个管道   newPipe = getRandomPipe()   upperPipes.append(newPipe[0])   lowerPipes.append(newPipe[1])   # remove first pipe if its out of the screen  if upperPipes[0]['x'] < -IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_width(): #当管道移动到屏幕外侧后，删除它   upperPipes.pop(0)   lowerPipes.pop(0)   # draw sprites  SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['background'], (0,0))   for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes):   SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][0], (uPipe['x'], uPipe['y']))   SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][1], (lPipe['x'], lPipe['y']))   SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['base'], (basex, BASEY))  # print score so player overlaps the score  showScore(score) #显示得分   # Player rotation has a threshold  visibleRot = playerRotThr  if playerRot <= playerRotThr:   visibleRot = playerRot    playerSurface = pygame.transform.rotate(IMAGES['player'][playerIndex], visibleRot)#旋转角色  SCREEN.blit(playerSurface, (playerx, playery))#显示旋转后的角色   pygame.display.update()#更新窗口  FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)#循环应该多长时间运行一次  def showGameOverScreen(crashInfo): """crashes the player down ans shows gameover image""" score = crashInfo['score']#获取得分 playerx = SCREENWIDTH * 0.2 playery = crashInfo['y'] playerHeight = IMAGES['player'][0].get_height() playerVelY = crashInfo['playerVelY'] playerAccY = 2 playerRot = crashInfo['playerRot'] playerVelRot = 7  basex = crashInfo['basex']  upperPipes, lowerPipes = crashInfo['upperPipes'], crashInfo['lowerPipes']  # play hit and die sounds SOUNDS['hit'].play() if not crashInfo['groundCrash']:#如果没有撞击到地面，就播放die音效就可以了  SOUNDS['die'].play()  while True:  for event in pygame.event.get():   if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):    pygame.quit()    sys.exit()   if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):    if playery + playerHeight >= BASEY - 1:     return   # player y shift  if playery + playerHeight < BASEY - 1:   playery += min(playerVelY, BASEY - playery - playerHeight)   # player velocity change  if playerVelY < 15:   playerVelY += playerAccY   # rotate only when it's a pipe crash  if not crashInfo['groundCrash']:   if playerRot > -90:    playerRot -= playerVelRot   # draw sprites  SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['background'], (0,0))   for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes):   SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][0], (uPipe['x'], uPipe['y']))   SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][1], (lPipe['x'], lPipe['y']))   SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['base'], (basex, BASEY))  showScore(score)   playerSurface = pygame.transform.rotate(IMAGES['player'][1], playerRot)  SCREEN.blit(playerSurface, (playerx,playery))   FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)  pygame.display.update()  def playerShm(playerShm): """oscillates the value of playerShm['val'] between 8 and -8""" if abs(playerShm['val']) == 8:  playerShm['dir'] *= -1  if playerShm['dir'] == 1:   playerShm['val'] += 1 else:  playerShm['val'] -= 1  def getRandomPipe():#随机生成随机高度的管道 ？？？？？？？？还需要看细节 """returns a randomly generated pipe""" # y of gap between upper and lower pipe gapY = random.randrange(0, int(BASEY * 0.6 - PIPEGAPSIZE)) gapY += int(BASEY * 0.2) pipeHeight = IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_height() pipeX = SCREENWIDTH + 10  return [  {'x': pipeX, 'y': gapY - pipeHeight}, # upper pipe  {'x': pipeX, 'y': gapY + PIPEGAPSIZE}, # lower pipe ]  def showScore(score): """displays score in center of screen""" scoreDigits = [int(x) for x in list(str(score))] totalWidth = 0 # total width of all numbers to be printed  for digit in scoreDigits:  totalWidth += IMAGES['numbers'][digit].get_width()  Xoffset = (SCREENWIDTH - totalWidth) / 2  for digit in scoreDigits:  SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['numbers'][digit], (Xoffset, SCREENHEIGHT * 0.1))#显示得分  Xoffset += IMAGES['numbers'][digit].get_width()  def checkCrash(player, upperPipes, lowerPipes): """returns True if player collders with base or pipes.""" pi = player['index']#飞行姿势 player['w'] = IMAGES['player'][0].get_width() player['h'] = IMAGES['player'][0].get_height()  # if player crashes into ground 掉在地上 if player['y'] + player['h'] >= BASEY - 1:  return [True, True] #返回 else:   playerRect = pygame.Rect(player['x'], player['y'],      player['w'], player['h'])  pipeW = IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_width()  pipeH = IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_height()   for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes):   # upper and lower pipe rects   uPipeRect = pygame.Rect(uPipe['x'], uPipe['y'], pipeW, pipeH)   lPipeRect = pygame.Rect(lPipe['x'], lPipe['y'], pipeW, pipeH)    # player and upper/lower pipe hitmasks   pHitMask = HITMASKS['player'][pi]   uHitmask = HITMASKS['pipe'][0]   lHitmask = HITMASKS['pipe'][1]    # if bird collided with upipe or lpipe   uCollide = pixelCollision(playerRect, uPipeRect, pHitMask, uHitmask)   lCollide = pixelCollision(playerRect, lPipeRect, pHitMask, lHitmask)    if uCollide or lCollide:#如果撞击到了上管道或者下管道 返回    return [True, False]  return [False, False] def pixelCollision(rect1, rect2, hitmask1, hitmask2): """Checks if two objects collide and not just their rects""" rect = rect1.clip(rect2)#角色和管道之间重合的情况  if rect.width == 0 or rect.height == 0:#没重合就是没撞击到  return False  x1, y1 = rect.x - rect1.x, rect.y - rect1.y x2, y2 = rect.x - rect2.x, rect.y - rect2.y  for x in xrange(rect.width):  for y in xrange(rect.height):   if hitmask1[x1+x][y1+y] and hitmask2[x2+x][y2+y]:#撞击到了    return True return False def getHitmask(image): """returns a hitmask using an image's alpha.""" #得到撞击mask mask = [] for x in xrange(image.get_width()):  mask.append([])  for y in xrange(image.get_height()):   mask[x].append(bool(image.get_at((x,y))[3])) return mask if __name__ == '__main__': main()