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android解析JSON数据

2020-01-02 06:59:50
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JSONObject的使用

 一、 JSON对象的使用:

String content = "{'username': 'linux', 'password': '123456'}";JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(content);String username = jsonObject.getString("username");String password = jsonObject.getString("password");

二、 JSON数组的使用:

String jsonContent = "[{'user': '刘力', 'age': 21, 'femal': true}, "            + "{'user': 'chen', 'age': 20, 'femal': false}]";JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(jsonContent);for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {   JSONObject object = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);   System.out.print(object.getString("user") + " ");   System.out.print(object.getInt("age") + " ");   System.out.print(object.getBoolean("femal") + " ");   System.out.println();}

三、 JSON数组与JSON对象混合使用

String jsonString = "[{'user': 'tomhu', 'age': 21, " + "'info': {'adress': 'hubai', 'sex': 'femal'}}, "          + "{'user': 'chen', 'age': 20, " + "'info': {'adress': 'hunan', 'sex': 'male'}}]";JSONArray jsonArrays = new JSONArray(jsonString);for (int i = 0; i < jsonArrays.length(); i++) {  JSONObject objects = jsonArrays.getJSONObject(i);  System.out.print(objects.getString("user") + " ");  System.out.print(objects.getInt("age") + " ");  System.out.print(objects.getJSONObject("info").getString("adress") + " ");  System.out.print(objects.getJSONObject("info").getString("sex") + " ");  System.out.println();}

四、 JSON数组中存储对象

Person person = new Person();person.setUsername("linux" );person.setPassword("123456" );JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();jsonArray.put(0, person );jsonArray.put(1, "I love you" );// String username = jsonArray.getJSONObject(0).getString("username"); 错误的写法Person user = (Person) jsonArray.get(0);System.out.println("username: " + user.getUsername());

JSONObject的原理

JsonObject的存储与取出

一、 JSONObject里面维护了一个LinkedHashMap,当生成一个无参数的JSONObject,实质是初始化了一个Map:

private final LinkedHashMap<String, Object> nameValuePairs;public JSONObject() {  nameValuePairs = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();}

 二、 当JSONObject增加数据,实质上把数据的键值对方法存放在上述的Map中:

public JSONObject put(String name, boolean value) throws JSONException {  nameValuePairs.put(checkName(name), value);  return this;}

三、 从JSONObject中取出数据,很容易想到的就是从Map取出了:

public String getString(String name) throws JSONException {  Object object = get(name); // get()方法就是执行Object result = nameValuePairs.get(name);  String result = JSON.toString(object);  if (result == null) {    throw JSON.typeMismatch(name, object, "String");  }  return result;}

JsonObject的解析过程

一、 JsonObject还有一个带参数的构造函数:常用的是传递一个String类型的参数

public JSONObject(String json) throws JSONException {  this(new JSONTokener(json));}

二、 跟进去,发现主要执行的是JSONTokener的nextValue()方法,在这个方法中主要是对数据进行解析;

public Object nextValue() throws JSONException {  int c = nextCleanInternal();  switch (c) {    case -1:      throw syntaxError("End of input");    case '{':      return readObject();    case '[':      return readArray();    case '/'':    case '"':      return nextString((char) c);    default:      pos--;      return readLiteral();  }}

在nextCleanInternal方法中,它会从头到尾的逐个字符的解析,对于一些字符做一些处理。例如空格,换行,转义符等!
当解析到[表示开始一个对象的读取,当解析到{表示一个数组的读取

三、 在readObject方法中,仍然是调用nextCleanInternal()方法,逐个得到解析的字符,下到解析到}.下面贴出重要代码

int first = nextCleanInternal(); // 得到解析的字符if (first == '}') {  return result;} else if (first != -1) {  pos--;}.......while (true) {  Object name = nextValue(); // 解析得到键    int separator = nextCleanInternal();  if (separator != ':' && separator != '=') {    throw syntaxError("Expected ':' after " + name);  }  if (pos < in.length() && in.charAt(pos) == '>') {    pos++;  }  result.put((String) name, nextValue()); // 将解析得到的键值对,存放在map当中  switch (nextCleanInternal()) {    case '}':      return result;    case ';':    case ',':      continue;    default:      throw syntaxError("Unterminated object");  }}

四、 nextValue方法比较关键,它流转解析的大部分工作!在nextValue中有一个readLiteral方法,针对一些类型做处理,得到解析之后的结果:

private Object readLiteral() throws JSONException {  String literal = nextToInternal("{}[]///:,=;# /t/f");  if (literal.length() == 0) {    throw syntaxError("Expected literal value");  } else if ("null".equalsIgnoreCase(literal)) {    return JSONObject.NULL;  } else if ("true".equalsIgnoreCase(literal)) {    return Boolean.TRUE;  } else if ("false".equalsIgnoreCase(literal)) {    return Boolean.FALSE;  }  /* try to parse as an integral type... */  if (literal.indexOf('.') == -1) {    int base = 10;    String number = literal;    if (number.startsWith("0x") || number.startsWith("0X")) {      number = number.substring(2);      base = 16;    } else if (number.startsWith("0") && number.length() > 1) {      number = number.substring(1);      base = 8;    }    try {      long longValue = Long.parseLong(number, base);      if (longValue <= Integer.MAX_VALUE && longValue >= Integer.MIN_VALUE) {        return (int) longValue;      } else {        return longValue;      }    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {      /*       * This only happens for integral numbers greater than       * Long.MAX_VALUE, numbers in exponential form (5e-10) and       * unquoted strings. Fall through to try floating point.       */    }  }  /* ...next try to parse as a floating point... */  try {    return Double.valueOf(literal);  } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {  }  /* ... finally give up. We have an unquoted string */  return new String(literal); // a new string avoids leaking memory}

五、至于JSONArray的解析与JsonObject的解析过程是一样的,它里面维护的是一个List:

private final List<Object> values;public JSONArray(JSONTokener readFrom) throws JSONException {  Object object = readFrom.nextValue();  if (object instanceof JSONArray) {    values = ((JSONArray) object).values;  } else {    throw JSON.typeMismatch(object, "JSONArray");  }}

Gson的使用

一、我们在测试当中先加入一个Person类,方便测试:

package com.tomhu.test;public class Person {  private String name;  private int age;  public String getName() {    return name;  }  public void setName(String name) {    this.name = name;  }  public int getAge() {    return age;  }  public void setAge(int age) {    this.age = age;  }}

二、 gson把对象转换成JSON格式

Gson gson = new Gson();Person person = new Person();person.setName("linux");person.setAge(23);String str = gson.toJson(person);System.out.println(str);

打印结果:  {"name":"linux","age":23}

三、 gson把json格式解析成对象

String jsonData = "{'name':'刘力','age':19}";Person person = gson.fromJson(jsonData, Person.class);System.out.println(person.getName() + ", " + person.getAge());

打印结果: 刘力, 19

四、 gson把List对象解析成Json格式:

Gson gson = new Gson();List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {   Person p = new Person();   p.setName("name" + i);   p.setAge(i * 5);   persons.add(p);}String str = gson.toJson(persons);System.out.println(str);

打印结果: [{"name":"name0","age":0},{"name":"name1","age":5}]

五、 gson把Json格式解析成List对象:

Gson gson = new Gson();String str = "[{'name':'linux','age':10},{'name':'huhx','age':22}]";List<Person> ps = gson.fromJson(str, new TypeToken<List<Person>>(){}.getType());for (int i = 0; i < ps.size(); i++) {  Person person = ps.get(i);  System.out.print("name: " + person.getName() + " age: " + person.getAge());}

打印结果:name: linux age: 10 name: huhx age: 22

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