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利用Java的Struts框架实现电子邮件发送功能

2019-11-26 14:47:36
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本章将教你如何使用Struts2 的应用程序发送电子邮件。对于此练习中,需要下载并安装将mail.jar 从 JavaMail API1.4.4,并将 mail.jar文件放置在WEB-INFlib文件夹,然后继续遵循的标准步骤创建动作,视图和配置文件。

创建动作:
下一步是创建一个Action方法,发送电子邮件。让我们创建一个新类称为 Emailer.java 以下内容。

package com.yiibai.struts2;import java.util.Properties;import javax.mail.Message;import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;import javax.mail.Session;import javax.mail.Transport;import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class Emailer extends ActionSupport {  private String from;  private String password;  private String to;  private String subject;  private String body;  static Properties properties = new Properties();  static  {   properties.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com");   properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465");   properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class",           "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");   properties.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");   properties.put("mail.smtp.port", "465");  }  public String execute()   {   String ret = SUCCESS;   try   {     Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties,       new javax.mail.Authenticator() {      protected PasswordAuthentication       getPasswordAuthentication() {      return new       PasswordAuthentication(from, password);      }});     Message message = new MimeMessage(session);     message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));     message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO,       InternetAddress.parse(to));     message.setSubject(subject);     message.setText(body);     Transport.send(message);   }   catch(Exception e)   {     ret = ERROR;     e.printStackTrace();   }   return ret;  }  public String getFrom() {   return from;  }  public void setFrom(String from) {   this.from = from;  }  public String getPassword() {   return password;  }  public void setPassword(String password) {   this.password = password;  }  public String getTo() {   return to;  }  public void setTo(String to) {   this.to = to;  }  public String getSubject() {   return subject;  }  public void setSubject(String subject) {   this.subject = subject;  }  public String getBody() {   return body;  }  public void setBody(String body) {   this.body = body;  }  public static Properties getProperties() {   return properties;  }  public static void setProperties(Properties properties) {   Emailer.properties = properties;  }}

可以看到在上面的源代码中,Emailer.java有对应的形式在下面给出的email.jsp页的属性的属性。这些属性

  • from - 发件人的电子邮件地址。由于我们使用的是谷歌的SMTP,我们需要一个有效的gtalk ID
  • password - 上述帐户的密码
  • to - 给谁发送电子邮件?
  • Subject - 电子邮件主题
  • body - 实际的电子邮件消息

我们有没有考虑过上述各个属性的任何验证,验证将被添加在下一章。现在让我们看看在execute()方法。 execute()方法使用使用javax邮件库发送一封电子邮件,使用提供的参数。如果邮件被发送,动作返回 SUCCESS,否则它返回ERROR。

创建主页页:
让我们编写主页index.jsp的JSP文件,这将被用来收集电子邮件的相关信息,上面提到的:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"  pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%><%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><title>Email Form</title></head><body>  <em>The form below uses Google's SMTP server.   So you need to enter a gmail username and password  </em>  <form action="emailer" method="post">  <label for="from">From</label><br/>  <input type="text" name="from"/><br/>  <label for="password">Password</label><br/>  <input type="password" name="password"/><br/>  <label for="to">To</label><br/>  <input type="text" name="to"/><br/>  <label for="subject">Subject</label><br/>  <input type="text" name="subject"/><br/>  <label for="body">Body</label><br/>  <input type="text" name="body"/><br/>  <input type="submit" value="Send Email"/>  </form></body></html>

创建视图:
我们将使用JSP文件的success.jsp将被调用的情况下行动返回SUCCESS,但在发生ERROR 的情况下,我们将有另一种视图认为文件是从操作返回。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%><%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><title>Email Success</title></head><body>  Your email to <s:property value="to"/> was sent successfully.</body></html>

下面将是在一个错误的情况下,从动作返回视图文件error.jsp。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%><%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><title>Email Error</title></head><body>  There is a problem sending your email to <s:property value="to"/>.</body></html>

配置文件:
现在,让我们将这一切组合起来使用struts.xml的配置文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC  "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"  "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"><struts>  <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />  <package name="helloworld" extends="struts-default">   <action name="emailer"      class="com.yiibai.struts2.Emailer"     method="execute">     <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>     <result name="error">/error.jsp</result>   </action>  </package></struts>

以下是web.xml文件中的内容:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"   xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee   http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"  id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">    <display-name>Struts 2</display-name>  <welcome-file-list>   <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>  </welcome-file-list>  <filter>   <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>   <filter-class>     org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher   </filter-class>  </filter>  <filter-mapping>   <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  </filter-mapping></web-app>

现在,右键点击项目名称,并单击 Export > WAR File创建一个WAR文件。然后部署此WAR在Tomcat的webapps目录下。最后,启动Tomcat服务器和尝试访问URL http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp。这会给出以下画面:

2015123144146112.jpg (560×314)

输入所需信息,并单击“Send Email ”按钮。如果一切顺利,那么应该看到以下页面:

2015123144208162.jpg (560×393)


如果是SSH三个框架配合起来使用,这里再给个例子,不过struts和spring的框架外,也需要mail.jar,activation.jar.

1) 首先在applicationContext.xml文件中配置bean

<bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">    <property name="host" value="host"/>    <property name="username" value="username"/>    <property name="password" value="password"/>  </bean><bean id="sendMailAction" class="cn.com.action.SendMailAction" singleton="false">   <property name="mailSender"><ref bean="mailSender"/> </property></bean>

2)实现发送邮件java类代码

protected JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{public void setMailSender(JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender) {  this.mailSender = mailSender;}public void sendMail() throws Exception {

1:简单邮件

protected JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{public void setMailSender(JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender) {  this.mailSender = mailSender;}public void sendMail() throws Exception {

2:HTML邮件的发送

//建立邮件消息,发送简单邮件和html邮件的区别    MimeMessage mailMessage = senderImpl.createMimeMessage();    MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mailMessage);            //设置收件人,寄件人    messageHelper.setTo("sun111@163.com");    messageHelper.setFrom("webadmin@163.com");    messageHelper.setSubject("测试HTML邮件!");   //true 表示启动HTML格式的邮件    messageHelper.setText("<html><head></head><body><h1>hello!!zhangjian</h1></body></html>",true);      //发送邮件    senderImpl.send(mailMessage); 

3:本类测试邮件中嵌套图片

//建立邮件消息,发送简单邮件和html邮件的区别    MimeMessage mailMessage = senderImpl.createMimeMessage();   //注意这里的boolean,等于真的时候才能嵌套图片,在构建MimeMessageHelper时候,所给定的值是true表示启用,     multipart模式    MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mailMessage,true);      //设置收件人,寄件人    messageHelper.setTo("sun111@163.com");    messageHelper.setFrom("webadmin@163.com");    messageHelper.setSubject("测试邮件中嵌套图片!!");   //true 表示启动HTML格式的邮件    messageHelper.setText("<html><head></head><body><h1>hello!!zhangjian</h1>" +     "<img src="/" mce_src="/""cid:aaa/"/></body></html>",true);          FileSystemResource img = new FileSystemResource(new File("c:/aaa.jpg"));       messageHelper.addInline("aaa",img);      //发送邮件    senderImpl.send(mailMessage); }}

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