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Java 中ThreadLocal类详解

2019-11-26 14:28:36
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ThreadLocal类,代表一个线程局部变量,通过把数据放在ThreadLocal中,可以让每个线程创建一个该变量的副本。也可以看成是线程同步的另一种方式吧,通过为每个线程创建一个变量的线程本地副本,从而避免并发线程同时读写同一个变量资源时的冲突。

示例如下:

import java.util.Random;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;import com.sun.javafx.webkit.Accessor;public class ThreadLocalTest { static class ThreadLocalVariableHolder {  private static ThreadLocal<Integer> value = new ThreadLocal<Integer>() {   private Random random = new Random();      protected synchronized Integer initialValue() {    return random.nextInt(10000);   }  };    public static void increment() {   value.set(value.get() + 1);  }    public static int get() {   return value.get();  } }  static class Accessor implements Runnable{  private final int id;    public Accessor(int id) {   this.id = id;  }    @Override  public void run() {   while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {    ThreadLocalVariableHolder.increment();    System.out.println(this);    Thread.yield();   }  }    @Override  public String toString() {   return "#" + id + ": " + ThreadLocalVariableHolder.get();  }   }  public static void main(String[] args) {  ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {   executorService.execute(new Accessor(i));  }  try {   TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.sleep(1);  } catch (InterruptedException e) {   e.printStackTrace();  }  executorService.shutdownNow(); }}

运行结果:

#1: 9685#1: 9686#2: 138#2: 139#2: 140#2: 141#0: 5255。。。

由运行结果可知,各线程都用于各自的Local变量,并各自读写互不干扰。

ThreadLocal共提供了三个方法来操作,set,get和remove。

在Android 中的Looper,即使用了ThreadLocal来为每个线程都创建各自独立的Looper对象。

public final class Looper { private static final String TAG = "Looper"; // sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare(). static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>(); private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {  if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {   throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");  }  sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed)); }  。。。}

当某个线程需要自己的Looper及消息队列时,就调用Looper.prepare(),它会为线程创建属于线程的Looper对象及MessageQueue,并将Looper对象保存在ThreadLocal中。

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