Python运行报错UnicodeDecodeError的解决方法

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc4 in position 33: ordinal not in range(128)

"""Guess the MIME type of a file. This module defines two useful functions: guess_type(url, strict=1) -- guess the MIME type and encoding of a URL. guess_extension(type, strict=1) -- guess the extension for a given MIME type. It also contains the following, for tuning the behavior: Data: knownfiles -- list of files to parseinited -- flag set when init() has been calledsuffix_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to suffixesencodings_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to encodingstypes_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to types Functions: init([files]) -- parse a list of files, default knownfiles (on Windows, the default values are taken from the registry)read_mime_types(file) -- parse one file, return a dictionary or None"""from itertools import count import osimport sysimport posixpathimport urllibtry: import _winregexcept ImportError: _winreg = None __all__ = [ "guess_type","guess_extension","guess_all_extensions", "add_type","read_mime_types","init"] knownfiles = [ "/etc/mime.types", "/etc/httpd/mime.types",     # Mac OS X "/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types",    # Apache "/etc/apache/mime.types",     # Apache 1 "/etc/apache2/mime.types",     # Apache 2 "/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types", "/usr/local/lib/netscape/mime.types", "/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types",  # Apache 1.2 "/usr/local/etc/mime.types",    # Apache 1.3 ] inited = False_db = None  class MimeTypes: """MIME-types datastore.  This datastore can handle information from mime.types-style files and supports basic determination of MIME type from a filename or URL, and can guess a reasonable extension given a MIME type. """  def __init__(self, filenames=(), strict=True):  if not inited:   init()  self.encodings_map = encodings_map.copy()  self.suffix_map = suffix_map.copy()  self.types_map = ({}, {}) # dict for (non-strict, strict)  self.types_map_inv = ({}, {})  for (ext, type) in types_map.items():   self.add_type(type, ext, True)  for (ext, type) in common_types.items():   self.add_type(type, ext, False)  for name in filenames:   self.read(name, strict)  def add_type(self, type, ext, strict=True):  """Add a mapping between a type and an extension.   When the extension is already known, the new  type will replace the old one. When the type  is already known the extension will be added  to the list of known extensions.   If strict is true, information will be added to  list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard  types.  """  self.types_map[strict][ext] = type  exts = self.types_map_inv[strict].setdefault(type, [])  if ext not in exts:   exts.append(ext)  def guess_type(self, url, strict=True):  """Guess the type of a file based on its URL.   Return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if  the type can't be guessed (no or unknown suffix) or a string  of the form type/subtype, usable for a MIME Content-type  header; and encoding is None for no encoding or the name of  the program used to encode (e.g. compress or gzip). The  mappings are table driven. Encoding suffixes are case  sensitive; type suffixes are first tried case sensitive, then  case insensitive.   The suffixes .tgz, .taz and .tz (case sensitive!) are all  mapped to '.tar.gz'. (This is table-driven too, using the  dictionary suffix_map.)   Optional `strict' argument when False adds a bunch of commonly found,  but non-standard types.  """  scheme, url = urllib.splittype(url)  if scheme == 'data':   # syntax of data URLs:   # dataurl := "data:" [ mediatype ] [ ";base64" ] "," data   # mediatype := [ type "/" subtype ] *( ";" parameter )   # data  := *urlchar   # parameter := attribute "=" value   # type/subtype defaults to "text/plain"   comma = url.find(',')   if comma < 0:    # bad data URL    return None, None   semi = url.find(';', 0, comma)   if semi >= 0:    type = url[:semi]   else:    type = url[:comma]   if '=' in type or '/' not in type:    type = 'text/plain'   return type, None   # never compressed, so encoding is None  base, ext = posixpath.splitext(url)  while ext in self.suffix_map:   base, ext = posixpath.splitext(base + self.suffix_map[ext])  if ext in self.encodings_map:   encoding = self.encodings_map[ext]   base, ext = posixpath.splitext(base)  else:   encoding = None  types_map = self.types_map[True]  if ext in types_map:   return types_map[ext], encoding  elif ext.lower() in types_map:   return types_map[ext.lower()], encoding  elif strict:   return None, encoding  types_map = self.types_map[False]  if ext in types_map:   return types_map[ext], encoding  elif ext.lower() in types_map:   return types_map[ext.lower()], encoding  else:   return None, encoding  def guess_all_extensions(self, type, strict=True):  """Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type.   Return value is a list of strings giving the possible filename  extensions, including the leading dot ('.'). The extension is not  guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data stream,  but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by guess_type().   Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,  but non-standard types.  """  type = type.lower()  extensions = self.types_map_inv[True].get(type, [])  if not strict:   for ext in self.types_map_inv[False].get(type, []):    if ext not in extensions:     extensions.append(ext)  return extensions  def guess_extension(self, type, strict=True):  """Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type.   Return value is a string giving a filename extension,  including the leading dot ('.'). The extension is not  guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data  stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by  guess_type(). If no extension can be guessed for `type', None  is returned.   Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,  but non-standard types.  """  extensions = self.guess_all_extensions(type, strict)  if not extensions:   return None  return extensions[0]  def read(self, filename, strict=True):  """  Read a single mime.types-format file, specified by pathname.   If strict is true, information will be added to  list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard  types.  """  with open(filename) as fp:   self.readfp(fp, strict)  def readfp(self, fp, strict=True):  """  Read a single mime.types-format file.   If strict is true, information will be added to  list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard  types.  """  while 1:   line = fp.readline()   if not line:    break   words = line.split()   for i in range(len(words)):    if words[i][0] == '#':     del words[i:]     break   if not words:    continue   type, suffixes = words[0], words[1:]   for suff in suffixes:    self.add_type(type, '.' + suff, strict)  def read_windows_registry(self, strict=True):  """  Load the MIME types database from Windows registry.   If strict is true, information will be added to  list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard  types.  """   # Windows only  if not _winreg:   return   def enum_types(mimedb):   for i in count():    try:     yield _winreg.EnumKey(mimedb, i)    except EnvironmentError:     break   default_encoding = sys.getdefaultencoding()  with _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, '') as hkcr:   for subkeyname in enum_types(hkcr):    try:     with _winreg.OpenKey(hkcr, subkeyname) as subkey:      # Only check file extensions      if not subkeyname.startswith("."):       continue      # raises EnvironmentError if no 'Content Type' value      mimetype, datatype = _winreg.QueryValueEx(       subkey, 'Content Type')      if datatype != _winreg.REG_SZ:       continue      try:       mimetype = mimetype.encode(default_encoding)       subkeyname = subkeyname.encode(default_encoding)      except UnicodeEncodeError:       continue      self.add_type(mimetype, subkeyname, strict)    except EnvironmentError:     continue def guess_type(url, strict=True): """Guess the type of a file based on its URL.  Return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if the type can't be guessed (no or unknown suffix) or a string of the form type/subtype, usable for a MIME Content-type header; and encoding is None for no encoding or the name of the program used to encode (e.g. compress or gzip). The mappings are table driven. Encoding suffixes are case sensitive; type suffixes are first tried case sensitive, then case insensitive.  The suffixes .tgz, .taz and .tz (case sensitive!) are all mapped to ".tar.gz". (This is table-driven too, using the dictionary suffix_map).  Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found, but non-standard types. """ if _db is None:  init() return _db.guess_type(url, strict)  def guess_all_extensions(type, strict=True): """Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type.  Return value is a list of strings giving the possible filename extensions, including the leading dot ('.'). The extension is not guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by guess_type(). If no extension can be guessed for `type', None is returned.  Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found, but non-standard types. """ if _db is None:  init() return _db.guess_all_extensions(type, strict) def guess_extension(type, strict=True): """Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type.  Return value is a string giving a filename extension, including the leading dot ('.'). The extension is not guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type `type' by guess_type(). If no extension can be guessed for `type', None is returned.  Optional `strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found, but non-standard types. """ if _db is None:  init() return _db.guess_extension(type, strict) def add_type(type, ext, strict=True): """Add a mapping between a type and an extension.  When the extension is already known, the new type will replace the old one. When the type is already known the extension will be added to the list of known extensions.  If strict is true, information will be added to list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard types. """ if _db is None:  init() return _db.add_type(type, ext, strict)  def init(files=None): global suffix_map, types_map, encodings_map, common_types global inited, _db inited = True # so that MimeTypes.__init__() doesn't call us again db = MimeTypes() if files is None:  if _winreg:   db.read_windows_registry()  files = knownfiles for file in files:  if os.path.isfile(file):   db.read(file) encodings_map = db.encodings_map suffix_map = db.suffix_map types_map = db.types_map[True] common_types = db.types_map[False] # Make the DB a global variable now that it is fully initialized _db = db  def read_mime_types(file): try:  f = open(file) except IOError:  return None db = MimeTypes() db.readfp(f, True) return db.types_map[True]  def _default_mime_types(): global suffix_map global encodings_map global types_map global common_types  suffix_map = {  '.tgz': '.tar.gz',  '.taz': '.tar.gz',  '.tz': '.tar.gz',  '.tbz2': '.tar.bz2',  '.txz': '.tar.xz',  }  encodings_map = {  '.gz': 'gzip',  '.Z': 'compress',  '.bz2': 'bzip2',  '.xz': 'xz',  }  # Before adding new types, make sure they are either registered with IANA, # at http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/media-types # or extensions, i.e. using the x- prefix  # If you add to these, please keep them sorted! types_map = {  '.a'  : 'application/octet-stream',  '.ai'  : 'application/postscript',  '.aif' : 'audio/x-aiff',  '.aifc' : 'audio/x-aiff',  '.aiff' : 'audio/x-aiff',  '.au'  : 'audio/basic',  '.avi' : 'video/x-msvideo',  '.bat' : 'text/plain',  '.bcpio' : 'application/x-bcpio',  '.bin' : 'application/octet-stream',  '.bmp' : 'image/x-ms-bmp',  '.c'  : 'text/plain',  # Duplicates 🙁  '.cdf' : 'application/x-cdf',  '.cdf' : 'application/x-netcdf',  '.cpio' : 'application/x-cpio',  '.csh' : 'application/x-csh',  '.css' : 'text/css',  '.dll' : 'application/octet-stream',  '.doc' : 'application/msword',  '.dot' : 'application/msword',  '.dvi' : 'application/x-dvi',  '.eml' : 'message/rfc822',  '.eps' : 'application/postscript',  '.etx' : 'text/x-setext',  '.exe' : 'application/octet-stream',  '.gif' : 'image/gif',  '.gtar' : 'application/x-gtar',  '.h'  : 'text/plain',  '.hdf' : 'application/x-hdf',  '.htm' : 'text/html',  '.html' : 'text/html',  '.ico' : 'image/vnd.microsoft.icon',  '.ief' : 'image/ief',  '.jpe' : 'image/jpeg',  '.jpeg' : 'image/jpeg',  '.jpg' : 'image/jpeg',  '.js'  : 'application/javascript',  '.ksh' : 'text/plain',  '.latex' : 'application/x-latex',  '.m1v' : 'video/mpeg',  '.man' : 'application/x-troff-man',  '.me'  : 'application/x-troff-me',  '.mht' : 'message/rfc822',  '.mhtml' : 'message/rfc822',  '.mif' : 'application/x-mif',  '.mov' : 'video/quicktime',  '.movie' : 'video/x-sgi-movie',  '.mp2' : 'audio/mpeg',  '.mp3' : 'audio/mpeg',  '.mp4' : 'video/mp4',  '.mpa' : 'video/mpeg',  '.mpe' : 'video/mpeg',  '.mpeg' : 'video/mpeg',  '.mpg' : 'video/mpeg',  '.ms'  : 'application/x-troff-ms',  '.nc'  : 'application/x-netcdf',  '.nws' : 'message/rfc822',  '.o'  : 'application/octet-stream',  '.obj' : 'application/octet-stream',  '.oda' : 'application/oda',  '.p12' : 'application/x-pkcs12',  '.p7c' : 'application/pkcs7-mime',  '.pbm' : 'image/x-portable-bitmap',  '.pdf' : 'application/pdf',  '.pfx' : 'application/x-pkcs12',  '.pgm' : 'image/x-portable-graymap',  '.pl'  : 'text/plain',  '.png' : 'image/png',  '.pnm' : 'image/x-portable-anymap',  '.pot' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',  '.ppa' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',  '.ppm' : 'image/x-portable-pixmap',  '.pps' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',  '.ppt' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',  '.ps'  : 'application/postscript',  '.pwz' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',  '.py'  : 'text/x-python',  '.pyc' : 'application/x-python-code',  '.pyo' : 'application/x-python-code',  '.qt'  : 'video/quicktime',  '.ra'  : 'audio/x-pn-realaudio',  '.ram' : 'application/x-pn-realaudio',  '.ras' : 'image/x-cmu-raster',  '.rdf' : 'application/xml',  '.rgb' : 'image/x-rgb',  '.roff' : 'application/x-troff',  '.rtx' : 'text/richtext',  '.sgm' : 'text/x-sgml',  '.sgml' : 'text/x-sgml',  '.sh'  : 'application/x-sh',  '.shar' : 'application/x-shar',  '.snd' : 'audio/basic',  '.so'  : 'application/octet-stream',  '.src' : 'application/x-wais-source',  '.sv4cpio': 'application/x-sv4cpio',  '.sv4crc' : 'application/x-sv4crc',  '.swf' : 'application/x-shockwave-flash',  '.t'  : 'application/x-troff',  '.tar' : 'application/x-tar',  '.tcl' : 'application/x-tcl',  '.tex' : 'application/x-tex',  '.texi' : 'application/x-texinfo',  '.texinfo': 'application/x-texinfo',  '.tif' : 'image/tiff',  '.tiff' : 'image/tiff',  '.tr'  : 'application/x-troff',  '.tsv' : 'text/tab-separated-values',  '.txt' : 'text/plain',  '.ustar' : 'application/x-ustar',  '.vcf' : 'text/x-vcard',  '.wav' : 'audio/x-wav',  '.wiz' : 'application/msword',  '.wsdl' : 'application/xml',  '.xbm' : 'image/x-xbitmap',  '.xlb' : 'application/vnd.ms-excel',  # Duplicates 🙁  '.xls' : 'application/excel',  '.xls' : 'application/vnd.ms-excel',  '.xml' : 'text/xml',  '.xpdl' : 'application/xml',  '.xpm' : 'image/x-xpixmap',  '.xsl' : 'application/xml',  '.xwd' : 'image/x-xwindowdump',  '.zip' : 'application/zip',  }  # These are non-standard types, commonly found in the wild. They will # only match if strict=0 flag is given to the API methods.  # Please sort these too common_types = {  '.jpg' : 'image/jpg',  '.mid' : 'audio/midi',  '.midi': 'audio/midi',  '.pct' : 'image/pict',  '.pic' : 'image/pict',  '.pict': 'image/pict',  '.rtf' : 'application/rtf',  '.xul' : 'text/xul'  }  _default_mime_types()  if __name__ == '__main__': import getopt  USAGE = """/Usage: mimetypes.py [options] type Options: --help / -h  -- print this message and exit --lenient / -l -- additionally search of some common, but non-standard       types. --extension / -e -- guess extension instead of type More than one type argument may be given."""  def usage(code, msg=''):  print USAGE  if msg: print msg  sys.exit(code)  try:  opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'hle',         ['help', 'lenient', 'extension']) except getopt.error, msg:  usage(1, msg)  strict = 1 extension = 0 for opt, arg in opts:  if opt in ('-h', '--help'):   usage(0)  elif opt in ('-l', '--lenient'):   strict = 0  elif opt in ('-e', '--extension'):   extension = 1 for gtype in args:  if extension:   guess = guess_extension(gtype, strict)   if not guess: print "I don't know anything about type", gtype   else: print guess  else:   guess, encoding = guess_type(gtype, strict)   if not guess: print "I don't know anything about type", gtype   else: print 'type:', guess, 'encoding:', encoding

#coding:utf-8 #指定本文件编码为utf8 import os # 以下为示例代码，不一定能运行。随意写的，无编译运行过。 # 例子以XP平台为例，因为linux平台编码（UTF-8）与window平台（GBK）不一样。 # 假设D盘下面有很多中文名称文件 filelist = os.listdir(r"d://") # 此处返回的list中的中文是以GBK编码的，你可以通过查看cmd窗口属性看到。 for path in filelist:  if os.path.isdir(path): continue   fp = open(path.decode("GBK") , 'rb') # 如果此处用 path.decode("UTF-8") 就会抛异常，原因是wind的dir命令返回的是GBK编码  print len(fp.read())   fp.close() filepath =r"d://中文文件.doc"    # 假设此文存在，记得要带中文 fp = open(filepath.decode('utf-8'), "rb") #这里使用utf8参数进行解码，原因是文件头里有句coding: utf-8 print len(fp.read()) fp.close() path2 = u"d://中文文件.doc" # 假如这里有个u在前面，这个变量就是unicode编码了，不用解码。 fp = open(path2, 'rb') print len(fp.read()) fp.close()