python selenium UI自动化解决验证码的4种方法

#coding=utf-8import osimport subprocessimport tracebackimport loggingfrom PIL import Image # 来源于Pillow库TESSERACT = 'tesseract' # 调用的本地命令名称TEMP_IMAGE_NAME = "temp.bmp" # 转换后的临时文件TEMP_RESULT_NAME = "temp" # 保存识别文字临时文件CLEANUP_TEMP_FLAG = True # 清理临时文件的标识INCOMPATIBLE = True # 兼容性标识def image_to_scratch(image, TEMP_IMAGE_NAME):  # 将图片处理为兼容格式  image.save(TEMP_IMAGE_NAME, dpi=(200,200))def retrieve_text(TEMP_RESULT_NAME):  # 读取识别内容  inf = open(TEMP_RESULT_NAME + '.txt','r')  text = inf.read()  inf.close()  return textdef perform_cleanup(TEMP_IMAGE_NAME, TEMP_RESULT_NAME):  # 清理临时文件  for name in (TEMP_IMAGE_NAME, TEMP_RESULT_NAME + '.txt', "tesseract.log"):    try:      os.remove(name)    except OSError:      passdef call_tesseract(image, result, lang):  # 调用tesseract.exe，将识读结果写入output_filename中  args = [TESSERACT, image, result, '-l', lang]  proc = subprocess.Popen(args)  retcode = proc.communicate()def image_to_string(image, lang, cleanup = CLEANUP_TEMP_FLAG, incompatible = INCOMPATIBLE):  # 假如图片是不兼容的格式并且incompatible = True，先转换图片为兼容格式（本程序将图片转换为.bmp格式），然后获取识读结果;如果cleanup=True,操作之后删除临时文件。  logging.basicConfig(filename='tesseract.log')  try:    try:      call_tesseract(image, TEMP_RESULT_NAME, lang)      text = retrieve_text(TEMP_RESULT_NAME)    except Exception:      if incompatible:        image = Image.open(image)        image_to_scratch(image, TEMP_IMAGE_NAME)        call_tesseract(TEMP_IMAGE_NAME, TEMP_RESULT_NAME, lang)        text = retrieve_text(TEMP_RESULT_NAME)      else:        raise    return text  except:     s=traceback.format_exc()    logging.error(s)  finally:    if cleanup:      perform_cleanup(TEMP_IMAGE_NAME, TEMP_RESULT_NAME)

#coding=utf-8from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keysfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Selectfrom selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementExceptionfrom selenium.common.exceptions import NoAlertPresentExceptionfrom PIL import Imageimport unittest, time, refrom TesseractPy3 import *class lgoin(unittest.TestCase):  def setUp(self):    self.driver = webdriver.Ie()    self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)    self.base_url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/test' # 要测试的链接    self.title = '某管理平台' # 测试网站的Title    self.verificationErrors = []    self.accept_next_alert = True  def test_lgoin(self):    driver = self.driver    driver.get(self.base_url)    driver.maximize_window()    driver.save_screenshot('All.png') # 截取当前网页，该网页有我们需要的验证码    imgelement = driver.find_element_by_class_name('kaptchaImage')    location = imgelement.location # 获取验证码x,y轴坐标    size = imgelement.size # 获取验证码的长宽    rangle = (int(location['x']),int(location['y']),int(location['x']+size['width']),int(location['y']+size['height'])) # 写成我们需要截取的位置坐标    i = Image.open("All.png") # 打开截图    result = i.crop(rangle) # 使用Image的crop函数，从截图中再次截取我们需要的区域    result.save('result.jpg')    text = image_to_string('result.jpg', 'eng').strip()    assert self.title in driver.title    driver.find_element_by_id(u'userCode').clear()    driver.find_element_by_id(u'userCode').send_keys('XXXXXX') # 用户名    driver.find_element_by_id(u'password').clear()    driver.find_element_by_id(u'password').send_keys('XXXXXX') # 密码    #driver.find_element_by_name('verifyCode').clear()    driver.find_element_by_name('verifyCode').send_keys(text)    driver.find_element_by_name('submit').submit()  def is_element_present(self, how, what):    try: self.driver.find_element(by=how, value=what)    except NoSuchElementException as e: return False    return True  def is_alert_present(self):    try: self.driver.switch_to_alert()    except NoAlertPresentException as e: return False    return True  def close_alert_and_get_its_text(self):    try:      alert = self.driver.switch_to_alert()      alert_text = alert.text      if self.accept_next_alert:         alert.accept()      else:        alert.dismiss()      return alert_text    finally: self.accept_next_alert = True  def tearDown(self):    #self.driver.quit()    self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors)if __name__ == "__main__":  unittest.main()

# coding=utf-8from selenium import webdriverimport time driver = webdriver.Firefox()driver.get("http://www.xxxxxx.com/") # 要登陆的网站driver.add_cookie(cook) # 这里添加cookie，有时cookie可能会有多条，需要添加多次time.sleep(3) # 刷新下页面就可以看到登陆成功了driver.refresh()