python实现简易版计算器

2019-11-25 15:16:17

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学了一周的Python，这篇文章算是为这段时间自学做的小总结。

一、Python简介

Python是一门十分优美的脚本语言，如果学过java、c++那入门Python是非常简单的。Python具有丰富和强大的类库。它常被昵称为胶水语言，它能够很轻松的把用其他语言制作的各种模块（尤其是C/C++）轻松地联结在一起。常见的一种应用情形是，使用Python快速生成程序的原型（有时甚至是程序的最终界面），然后对其中有特别要求的部分，用更合适的语言改写。

二、Python版计算器的实现

工具准备：

     1. Python2.7
        2. wxPython
        3. wxGlade界面编辑工具
        4. pyCharm

具体配置什么的我就不说了，网上有很多。Python的GUI开发库有很多，这里我们使用wxPython。用wxGlade编辑界面，wxGlade是一款很好用的GUI编辑工具，它最大的优点是能自动生成编辑好的图形界面的代码。

这里主要介绍几点：

wx.TextCtrl（文本输入控件），这个作为计算器的显示屏，点击数字时用AppendText方法将数字添加至文本末尾，要取出数字时用GetValue方法，点击运算符时要将文本框中的数字清空（先存储）用Clear方法然后还有将操作符保存，点击等号后要将第二个操作数存储，然后用int方法将字符串转换为数字，计算后用SetValue方法将结果送入文本框，具体代码如下：

import wx  # begin wxGlade: extracode # end wxGlade   class MyFrame(wx.Frame):  def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):  # begin wxGlade: MyFrame.__init__  kwds["style"] = wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE  wx.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwds)  self.text_ctrl_1 = wx.TextCtrl(self, -1, "",style=wx.TE_READONLY)  self.button_37 = wx.Button(self, -1, "1")  self.button_38 = wx.Button(self, -1, "2")  self.button_39 = wx.Button(self, -1, "3")  self.button_40 = wx.Button(self, -1, "+")  self.button_41 = wx.Button(self, -1, "4")  self.button_42 = wx.Button(self, -1, "5")  self.button_43 = wx.Button(self, -1, "6")  self.button_44 = wx.Button(self, -1, "-")  self.button_46 = wx.Button(self, -1, "7")  self.button_45 = wx.Button(self, -1, "8")  self.button_47 = wx.Button(self, -1, "9")  self.button_48 = wx.Button(self, -1, "x")  self.button_49 = wx.Button(self, -1, "C")  self.button_50 = wx.Button(self, -1, "0")  self.button_51 = wx.Button(self, -1, "=")  self.button_52 = wx.Button(self, -1, "/")   self.__set_properties()  self.__do_layout()   self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu1, self.button_37)  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu2, self.button_38)  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu3, self.button_39)  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu_plus, self.button_40)  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu4, self.button_41)  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu5, self.button_42)  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu6, self.button_43)  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu_min, self.button_44)  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu7, self.button_46)  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu8, self.button_45)  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu9, self.button_47)  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu_mul, self.button_48)  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu_clear, self.button_49)  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu0, self.button_50)  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu_result, self.button_51)  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.bu_chu, self.button_52)  # end wxGlade  self.Show(True)   def __set_properties(self):  # begin wxGlade: MyFrame.__set_properties  self.SetTitle("Python Calculater by CYG")  self.text_ctrl_1.SetMinSize((400, 50))  self.button_37.SetMinSize((100, 50))  self.button_38.SetMinSize((100, 50))  self.button_39.SetMinSize((100, 50))  self.button_40.SetMinSize((100, 50))  self.button_41.SetMinSize((100, 50))  self.button_42.SetMinSize((100, 50))  self.button_43.SetMinSize((100, 50))  self.button_44.SetMinSize((100, 50))  self.button_46.SetMinSize((100, 50))  self.button_45.SetMinSize((100, 50))  self.button_47.SetMinSize((100, 50))  self.button_48.SetMinSize((100, 50))  self.button_49.SetMinSize((100, 50))  self.button_50.SetMinSize((100, 50))  self.button_51.SetMinSize((100, 50))  self.button_52.SetMinSize((100, 50))  # end wxGlade   def __do_layout(self):  # begin wxGlade: MyFrame.__do_layout  sizer_2 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)  sizer_3 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)  grid_sizer_1 = wx.GridSizer(4, 4, 0, 0)  sizer_3.Add(self.text_ctrl_1, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_37, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_38, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_39, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_40, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_41, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_42, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_43, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_44, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_46, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_45, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_47, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_48, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_49, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_50, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_51, 0, 0, 0)  grid_sizer_1.Add(self.button_52, 0, 0, 0)  sizer_3.Add(grid_sizer_1, 1, wx.EXPAND, 0)  sizer_2.Add(sizer_3, 1, wx.EXPAND, 0)  self.SetSizer(sizer_2)  sizer_2.Fit(self)  self.Layout()  # end wxGlade   def bu1(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("1")  event.Skip()   def bu2(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("2")  event.Skip()   def bu3(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("3")  event.Skip()   def bu_plus(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.num1=self.text_ctrl_1.GetValue()  self.op="+"  self.text_ctrl_1.Clear()  event.Skip()   def bu4(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("4")  event.Skip()   def bu5(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("5")  event.Skip()   def bu6(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("6")  event.Skip()   def bu_min(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.num1=self.text_ctrl_1.GetValue()  self.op="-"  self.text_ctrl_1.Clear()  event.Skip()   def bu7(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("7")  event.Skip()   def bu8(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("8")  event.Skip()   def bu9(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("9")  event.Skip()   def bu_mul(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.num1=self.text_ctrl_1.GetValue()  self.op="x"  self.text_ctrl_1.Clear()  event.Skip()   def bu_clear(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.text_ctrl_1.Clear()  event.Skip()   def bu0(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.text_ctrl_1.AppendText("0")  event.Skip()   def bu_chu(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.num1=self.text_ctrl_1.GetValue()  self.op="/"  self.text_ctrl_1.Clear()  event.Skip()   def bu_result(self, event): # wxGlade: MyFrame.<event_handler>  self.num2=self.text_ctrl_1.GetValue()  num1=int(self.num1)  num2=int(self.num2)  if self.op=="+":   self.text_ctrl_1.SetValue(str(num1+num2))  elif self.op=="-":   self.text_ctrl_1.SetValue(str(num1-num2))  elif self.op=="x":   self.text_ctrl_1.SetValue(str(num1*num2))  elif self.op=="/":   self.text_ctrl_1.SetValue(str(num1/num2))  event.Skip()   # end of class MyFrame if __name__ == "__main__":   app=wx.App(False)  myframe=MyFrame(None)  app.MainLoop()

按钮的ID，名称什么的我基本都是用wxGlade自动生成的。
没有做什么美化，只是为了练练手，给张图：