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通过node-mysql搭建Windows+Node.js+MySQL环境的教程

2019-11-20 10:28:03
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前言

MySQL是一款常用的开源数据库产品,通常也是免费数据库的首选。查了一下NPM列表,发现Nodejs有13库可以访问MySQL,felixge/node-mysql似乎是最受关注项目,我也决定尝试用一下。

要注意名字,”felixge/node-mysql”非”node-mysql”,安装部分会介绍这个小插曲!

目录

  • node-mysql介绍
  • 建立MySQL测试库
  • node-mysql安装
  • node-mysql使用

1. node-mysql介绍

felixge/node-mysql是一个纯nodejs的用javascript实现的一个MySQL客户端程序。felixge/node-mysql封装了Nodejs对MySQL的基本操作,100% MIT公共许可证。

项目地址:https://github.com/felixge/node-mysql

2. 建立MySQL测试库

本地创建MySQL测试库:nodejs

~ mysql -uroot -pmysql> CREATE DATABASE nodejs;mysql> SHOW DATABASES;+--------------------+| Database      |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql       || nodejs       || performance_schema |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL ON nodejs.* to nodejs@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'nodejs';mysql> GRANT ALL ON nodejs.* to nodejs@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'nodejs';

重新登陆MySQL

C:/Users/Administrator>mysql -unodejs -pEnter password: ******mysql> SHOW DATABASES;+--------------------+| Database      |+--------------------+| information_schema || nodejs       || test        |+--------------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)


 

mysql> USE nodejsDatabase changed

新建一个user表

CREATE TABLE t_user(id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,name VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL ,create_date TIMESTAMP NULL DEFAULT now())ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t_quiz_IDX_0 on t_user(name);


 

mysql> SHOW TABLES;+------------------+| Tables_in_nodejs |+------------------+| t_user      |+------------------+1 row in set (0.04 sec)

3. node-mysql安装

我的系统环境

win7 64bit
Nodejs:v0.10.5
Npm:1.2.19
MySQL:Server version: 5.6.11 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
创建工程:nodejs-node-mysql

~ D:/workspace/javascript>mkdir nodejs-node-mysql~ D:/workspace/javascript>cd nodejs-node-mysql~ D:/workspace/javascript/nodejs-node-mysql>npm install node-mysqlnode-mysql@0.2.0 node_modules/node-mysql├── better-js-class@0.1.2├── cps@0.1.7├── underscore@1.5.2└── mysql@2.0.0-alpha9 (require-all@0.0.3, bignumber.js@1.0.1)

这里有一个小插曲

安装“node-mysql”后,打开package.json文件发现,这个项目地址是

https://github.com/redblaze/node-mysql.git
从依赖关系可以看到,它依赖于mysql库,是对felixge/node-mysql的封装。

node-mysql1

由于这个项目star是0,fork也是0. 所以,我也不准备花时间测试了,重新安装felixge/node-mysql的包。

重新安装node-mysql

~ D:/workspace/javascript/nodejs-node-mysql>rm -rf node_modules~ D:/workspace/javascript/nodejs-node-mysql>npm install mysql@2.0.0-alpha9npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/mysql/2.0.0-alpha9npm http 200 https://registry.npmjs.org/mysql/2.0.0-alpha9npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/mysql/-/mysql-2.0.0-alpha9.tgznpm http 200 https://registry.npmjs.org/mysql/-/mysql-2.0.0-alpha9.tgznpm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/require-all/0.0.3npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/bignumber.js/1.0.1npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/require-all/0.0.3npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/bignumber.js/1.0.1mysql@2.0.0-alpha9 node_modules/mysql├── require-all@0.0.3└── bignumber.js@1.0.1

这回就对了,继续下面的开发!

创建node程序启动文件:app.js

第一个测试

~ vi app.js
var mysql = require('mysql');var conn = mysql.createConnection({  host: 'localhost',  user: 'nodejs',  password: 'nodejs',  database:'nodejs',  port: 3306});conn.connect();conn.query('SELECT 1 + 1 AS solution', function(err, rows, fields) {  if (err) throw err;  console.log('The solution is: ', rows[0].solution);});conn.end();

运行node

~ D:/workspace/javascript/nodejs-node-mysql>node app.jsThe solution is: 2

这样我们就让Nodejs连接上了MySQL。

4. node-mysql使用

下面我们要对node-mysql的API进行常用的测试。

表新删改查
连接池配置
MySQL断线重连
连接池超时测试
1). 表新删改查
修改app.js

~ vi app.js
var mysql = require('mysql');var conn = mysql.createConnection({  host: 'localhost',  user: 'nodejs',  password: 'nodejs',  database: 'nodejs',  port: 3306});conn.connect();var insertSQL = 'insert into t_user(name) values("conan"),("fens.me")';var selectSQL = 'select * from t_user limit 10';var deleteSQL = 'delete from t_user';var updateSQL = 'update t_user set name="conan update" where name="conan"';//deleteconn.query(deleteSQL, function (err0, res0) {  if (err0) console.log(err0);  console.log("DELETE Return ==> ");  console.log(res0);  //insert  conn.query(insertSQL, function (err1, res1) {    if (err1) console.log(err1);    console.log("INSERT Return ==> ");    console.log(res1);    //query    conn.query(selectSQL, function (err2, rows) {      if (err2) console.log(err2);      console.log("SELECT ==> ");      for (var i in rows) {        console.log(rows[i]);      }      //update      conn.query(updateSQL, function (err3, res3) {        if (err3) console.log(err3);        console.log("UPDATE Return ==> ");        console.log(res3);        //query        conn.query(selectSQL, function (err4, rows2) {          if (err4) console.log(err4);          console.log("SELECT ==> ");          for (var i in rows2) {            console.log(rows2[i]);          }        });      });    });  });});//conn.end();

控制台输出:

D:/workspace/javascript/nodejs-node-mysql>node app.js
DELETE Return ==>{ fieldCount: 0, affectedRows: 2, insertId: 0, serverStatus: 34, warningCount: 0, message: '', protocol41: true, changedRows: 0 }INSERT Return ==>{ fieldCount: 0, affectedRows: 2, insertId: 33, serverStatus: 2, warningCount: 0, message: '&Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0', protocol41: true, changedRows: 0 }SELECT ==>{ id: 33, name: 'conan', create_date: Wed Sep 11 2013 12:09:15 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间) }{ id: 34, name: 'fens.me', create_date: Wed Sep 11 2013 12:09:15 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间) }UPDATE Return ==>{ fieldCount: 0, affectedRows: 1, insertId: 0, serverStatus: 2, warningCount: 0, message: '(Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0', protocol41: true, changedRows: 1 }SELECT ==>{ id: 33, name: 'conan update', create_date: Wed Sep 11 2013 12:09:15 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间) }{ id: 34, name: 'fens.me', create_date: Wed Sep 11 2013 12:09:15 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间) }

由于node的异步的,上面是一个连续的操作,代码会被写的支离破碎。我们可以通过async库对上面代码进行封装,请参考文章:Nodejs异步流程控制Async

2). 连接池配置

增加文件:app-pooling.js

~ vi app-pooling.js
var mysql = require('mysql');var pool = mysql.createPool({  host: 'localhost',  user: 'nodejs',  password: 'nodejs',  database: 'nodejs',  port: 3306});var selectSQL = 'select * from t_user limit 10';pool.getConnection(function (err, conn) {  if (err) console.log("POOL ==> " + err);  conn.query(selectSQL,function(err,rows){    if (err) console.log(err);    console.log("SELECT ==> ");    for (var i in rows) {      console.log(rows[i]);    }    conn.release();  });});

控制台输出:

D:/workspace/javascript/nodejs-node-mysql>node app-pooling.js
SELECT ==>{ id: 39, name: 'conan update', create_date: Wed Sep 11 2013 13:41:18 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间) }{ id: 40, name: 'fens.me', create_date: Wed Sep 11 2013 13:41:18 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间) }

3). MySQL断线重连

分别模拟3种错误

a.登陆密码错误
b.数据库宕机
c.数据库连接超时
新增文件:app-reconnect.js

~ vi app-reconnect.js
var mysql = require('mysql');var conn;function handleError () {  conn = mysql.createConnection({    host: 'localhost',    user: 'nodejs',    password: 'nodejs',    database: 'nodejs',    port: 3306  });  //连接错误,2秒重试  conn.connect(function (err) {    if (err) {      console.log('error when connecting to db:', err);      setTimeout(handleError , 2000);    }  });  conn.on('error', function (err) {    console.log('db error', err);    // 如果是连接断开,自动重新连接    if (err.code === 'PROTOCOL_CONNECTION_LOST') {      handleError();    } else {      throw err;    }  });}handleError();

a. 模拟密码错误

修改password: ‘nodejs11'

控制台输出。

D:/workspace/javascript/nodejs-node-mysql>node app-reconnect.js
error when connecting to db: { [Error: ER_ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR: Access denied for user 'nodejs'@'localhost' (using passrd: YES)] code: 'ER_ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR', errno: 1045, sqlState: '28000', fatal: true }error when connecting to db: { [Error: ER_ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR: Access denied for user 'nodejs'@'localhost' (using passrd: YES)] code: 'ER_ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR', errno: 1045, sqlState: '28000', fatal: true }

b. 模拟数据库宕机
正常启动node,然后杀掉mysqld的进程。

控制台输出。


D:/workspace/javascript/nodejs-node-mysql>node app-reconnect.js
db error { [Error: read ECONNRESET] code: 'ECONNRESET', errno: 'ECONNRESET', syscall: 'read', fatal: true }Error: read ECONNRESET  at errnoException (net.js:884:11)  at TCP.onread (net.js:539:19)

这个异常,直接导致node程序被杀死!

c. 模拟连接超时,PROTOCOL_CONNECTION_LOST
切换到root账户, 修改MySQL的wait_timeout参数,设置为10毫秒超时。

~ mysql -uroot -pmysql> show variables like 'wait_timeout';+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------+-------+| wait_timeout | 28800 |+---------------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> set global wait_timeout=10;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show variables like 'wait_timeout';+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------+-------+| wait_timeout | 10  |+---------------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

修改文件:app-reconnection.js,在最后增加代码

~ vi app-reconnection.js
function query(){  console.log(new Date());  var sql = "show variables like 'wait_timeout'";  conn.query(sql, function (err, res) {    console.log(res);  });}query();setInterval(query, 15*1000);

程序会每融15秒,做一次查询。

控制台输出

D:/workspace/javascript/nodejs-node-mysql>node app-reconnect.jsWed Sep 11 2013 15:21:14 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)[ { Variable_name: 'wait_timeout', Value: '10' } ]db error { [Error: Connection lost: The server closed the connection.] fatal: true, code: 'PROTOCOL_CONNECTION_LOST' }Wed Sep 11 2013 15:21:28 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)[ { Variable_name: 'wait_timeout', Value: '10' } ]db error { [Error: Connection lost: The server closed the connection.] fatal: true, code: 'PROTOCOL_CONNECTION_LOST' }Wed Sep 11 2013 15:21:43 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)[ { Variable_name: 'wait_timeout', Value: '10' } ]

我们自己的程序捕获了“PROTOCOL_CONNECTION_LOST”异常,并自动的实现了数据库重连。

4). MySQL连接池的超时测试

针对wait_timeout问题,我们再对连接做一下测试。

修改app-pooling.js文件

var mysql = require('mysql');var pool = mysql.createPool({  host: 'localhost',  user: 'nodejs',  password: 'nodejs',  database: 'nodejs',  port: 3306});var selectSQL ="show variables like 'wait_timeout'";pool.getConnection(function (err, conn) {  if (err) console.log("POOL ==> " + err);  function query(){    conn.query(selectSQL, function (err, res) {      console.log(new Date());      console.log(res);      conn.release();    });  }  query();  setInterval(query, 5000);});

控制台输出:

D:/workspace/javascript/nodejs-node-mysql>node app-pooling.jsWed Sep 11 2013 15:32:25 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)[ { Variable_name: 'wait_timeout', Value: '10' } ]Wed Sep 11 2013 15:32:30 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)[ { Variable_name: 'wait_timeout', Value: '10' } ]Wed Sep 11 2013 15:32:35 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)[ { Variable_name: 'wait_timeout', Value: '10' } ]

连接池,已经解决了自动重连的问题了,后面我们的开发,可以尽量使用pooling的方式。

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